сам
See also: Appendix:Variations of "cam" and Appendix:Variations of "sam"
Belarusian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *samъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sam]
Audio (file)
Declension
Declension of сам
| masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | сам sam |
само́ samó |
сама́ samá |
са́мі sámi | |
| genitive | само́га samóha |
само́й samój |
самі́х samíx | ||
| dative | само́му samómu |
само́й samój |
самі́м samím | ||
| accusative | animate | само́га samóha |
само́ samó |
саму́, саму́ю samú, samúju |
самі́х samíx |
| inanimate | сам sam |
са́мі sámi | |||
| instrumental | самі́м samím |
само́й samój |
самі́мі samími | ||
| locative | самі́м samím |
само́й samój |
самі́х samíx | ||
Bulgarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sam]
- Rhymes: -am
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *samъ.
Adjective
сам • (sam) (adverb са́мо)
Declension
Derived terms
References
- “сам (прил.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “сам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “сам¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 453
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Church Slavonic сѣмъ (sěmŭ), an oblique case form of сѣмо (sěmo, “here, hither”), from Proto-Slavic *sěmo. The unexpected vowel in modern Bulgarian is likely by analogy with там (tam, “there”) and its derived terms.
Adverb
сам • (sam) (not comparable) (archaic or dialectal)
- with beckoning verbs in the imperative: here, in this place
- Ела́ сам! ― Elá sam! ― Come here!
Derived terms
- наса́м (nasám)
- отса́м (otsám)
References
- “сам (нареч.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “сам²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 460
- Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “самъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 118
- “яла сам бе”, in BGJargon.com (in Bulgarian), 2007
Anagrams
- мас (mas)
Kalmyk
Macedonian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sam]
Adjective
сам • (sam) (comparative посам, superlative најсам, diminutive самичок, abstract noun самотија)
- alone, by oneself
Declension
Positive forms of сам
Comparative forms of сам
| masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | посам | посама | посамо | посами |
| definite unspecified | посамиот | посамата | посамото | посамите |
| definite proximal | посамиов | посамава | посамово | посамиве |
| definite distal | посамион | посамана | посамоно | посамине |
Superlative forms of сам
| masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | најсам | најсама | најсамо | најсами |
| definite unspecified | најсамиот | најсамата | најсамото | најсамите |
| definite proximal | најсамиов | најсамава | најсамово | најсамиве |
| definite distal | најсамион | најсамана | најсамоно | најсамине |
Mongolian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sam/
Noun
сам • (sam) (Mongolian spelling ᠰᠠᠮ (sam), definite plural самнууд); (hidden-n declension)
Derived terms
- самнах (samnax, “to comb”)
Northern Mansi
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *śilmä.[1] Cognates include Northern Khanty сєм (sêm), Hungarian szem, Finnish silmä and Estonian silm.
Declension
| Inflection of сам (sam) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | сам (sam) | самыг (samyg) | самыт (samyt) |
| locative | самт (samt) | самыгт (samygt) | самытт (samytt) |
| lative | самн (samn) | самыгн (samygn) | самытн (samytn) |
| ablative | самныл (samnyl) | самыгныл (samygnyl) | самытныл (samytnyl) |
| instrumental | самыл (samyl) | самыгныл (samygnyl) | самытыл (samytyl) |
| translative | самыг (samyg) | ―― | ―― |
| Possessive forms of сам (sam) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | double possession | multiple possession |
| 1st person sing. | самум (samum) | самагум (samagum) | саманум (samanum) |
| 2nd person sing. | самын (samyn) | самагын (samagyn) | саман (saman) |
| 3rd person sing. | саме (same) | самаге (samage) | саманэ (samanè) |
| 1st person dual | самме̄н (sammēn) | самагаме̄н (samagamēn) | саманаме̄н (samanamēn) |
| 2nd person dual | самы̄н (samȳn) | самагы̄н (samagȳn) | саманы̄н (samanȳn) |
| 3rd person dual | саме̄ (samē) | самаге̄н (samagēn) | саманэ̄н (samanè̄n) |
| 1st person plural | самув (samuw) | самагув (samaguw) | саманув (samanuw) |
| 2nd person plural | самы̄н (samȳn) | самагы̄н (samagȳn) | саманы̄н (samanȳn) |
| 3rd person plural | саманыл (samanyl) | самага̄ныл (samagānyl) | сама̄ныл (samānyl) |
References
- Afanasʹjeva, K. V., Sobjanina, S. A. (2012) “сам”, in Školʹnyj mansijsko-russkij slovarʹ) [Mansi-Russian school dictionary], Khanty-Mansiysk: RIO IRO
- Entry #964 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Russian
Alternative forms
- самъ (sam) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sam]
Audio (file)
Pronoun
Declension
Declension of сам
| masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | сам sam |
само́ samó |
сама́ samá |
са́ми sámi | |
| genitive | самого́ samovó |
само́й samój |
сами́х samíx | ||
| dative | самому́ samomú |
само́й samój |
сами́м samím | ||
| accusative | animate | самого́ samovó |
само́ samó |
саму́, самоё1 samú, samojó1 |
сами́х samíx |
| inanimate | сам sam |
са́ми sámi | |||
| instrumental | сами́м samím |
само́й, само́ю samój, samóju |
сами́ми samími | ||
| prepositional | само́м samóm |
само́й samój |
сами́х samíx | ||
1 A dated form.
Derived terms
- будь ве́рен сам себе́ (budʹ véren sam sebé)
- сам не свой (sam ne svoj)
- сам по себе́ (sam po sebé)
- са́ми с уса́ми (sámi s usámi)
- само́ собо́й (samó sobój)
- само́ собо́й разуме́ется (samó sobój razuméjetsja)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ.
Adjective
Declension
indefinite forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | сам | сама | само | |
| genitive | сама | саме | сама | |
| dative | саму | самој | саму | |
| accusative | inanimate animate |
сам сама |
саму | само |
| vocative | сам | сама | само | |
| locative | саму | самој | саму | |
| instrumental | самим | самом | самим | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | сами | саме | сама | |
| genitive | самих | самих | самих | |
| dative | самим(а) | самим(а) | самим(а) | |
| accusative | саме | саме | сама | |
| vocative | сами | саме | сама | |
| locative | самим(а) | самим(а) | самим(а) | |
| instrumental | самим(а) | самим(а) | самим(а) | |
definite forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | сами | сама | само | |
| genitive | самог(а) | саме | самог(а) | |
| dative | самом(у/е) | самој | самом(у/е) | |
| accusative | inanimate animate |
сами самог(а) |
саму | само |
| vocative | сами | сама | само | |
| locative | самом(е/у) | самој | самом(е/у) | |
| instrumental | самим | самом | самим | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | сами | саме | сама | |
| genitive | самих | самих | самих | |
| dative | самим(а) | самим(а) | самим(а) | |
| accusative | саме | саме | сама | |
| vocative | сами | саме | сама | |
| locative | самим(а) | самим(а) | самим(а) | |
| instrumental | самим(а) | самим(а) | самим(а) | |
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)esmь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-.
Southern Yukaghir
Alternative forms
- саам (sām)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsam]
- Rhymes: -am
- Hyphenation: сам
Pronoun
сам (sam)
References
- Elena Maslova (2003) A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 26
Ukrainian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *samъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sam]
Audio (file)
Declension
Declension of сам
| masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | сам sam |
саме́, само́ samé, samó |
сама́ samá |
сами́, самі́ samý, samí | |
| genitive | само́го samóho |
само́ї samóji |
сами́х samýx | ||
| dative | само́му samómu |
самі́й samíj |
сами́м samým | ||
| accusative | animate | само́го samóho |
саме́, само́ samé, samó |
саму́ samú |
сами́х samýx |
| inanimate | сам sam |
сами́, самі́ samý, samí | |||
| instrumental | сами́м samým |
само́ю samóju |
сами́ми samýmy | ||
| locative | само́му, самі́м samómu, samím |
самі́й samíj |
сами́х samýx | ||
Further reading
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “сам”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
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