szem
Hungarian
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *śilmä,[1][2] then from szimi, via szüm in one dialect (such as the one used in the Old Hungarian Lamentations of Mary), resulting in dialectal szöm, as well as via szëm and the current, standard szem from another dialect.[3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsɛm]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: szem
- Rhymes: -ɛm
Noun
szem (plural szemek)
- eye (visual organ in humans and animals)
- (figurative, in set phrases) eye (sight, look or attention)
- (figurative) eye (point of view, perspective or opinion)
- grain (the harvested seed of various cereal crops)
- grain, speck (tiny particle of sand or dust)
- 1958, Lajos Mesterházi, chapter 1, in Pár lépés a határ:
- Az életem homokóráján az utolsó szemek peregnek.
- The last grains of sand are running through the hourglass of my life.
- an individual item out of a group of similar objects
- one piece of any small succulent fruit, especially those that grow in clusters
- 1965, Klára Fehér, László Nemes, Gésák, pagodák, titkok:
- A szőlő szemei szilva nagyságúak, és kitűnő az ízük.
- The grapes are as big as plums, and they taste excellent.
- (literally, “the grape berries”)
- one piece of something small, round and numerous, such as a bead of pearl, a medicine pill, etc.
- (attributive) single, only (not accompanied by anything else, one in number)
- one piece of any small succulent fruit, especially those that grow in clusters
- (knitting) stitch (a single turn of the thread round a needle)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | szem | szemek |
accusative | szemet | szemeket |
dative | szemnek | szemeknek |
instrumental | szemmel | szemekkel |
causal-final | szemért | szemekért |
translative | szemmé | szemekké |
terminative | szemig | szemekig |
essive-formal | szemként | szemekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | szemben | szemekben |
superessive | szemen | szemeken |
adessive | szemnél | szemeknél |
illative | szembe | szemekbe |
sublative | szemre | szemekre |
allative | szemhez | szemekhez |
elative | szemből | szemekből |
delative | szemről | szemekről |
ablative | szemtől | szemektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
szemé | szemeké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
szeméi | szemekéi |
Possessive forms of szem | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | szemem | szemeim |
2nd person sing. | szemed | szemeid |
3rd person sing. | szeme | szemei |
1st person plural | szemünk | szemeink |
2nd person plural | szemetek | szemeitek |
3rd person plural | szemük | szemeik |
Derived terms
Compound words with this term at the beginning
Compound words with this term in the middle
Compound words with this term at the end
Expressions
References
- Entry #964 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- szem in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- Kiss, Jenő and Ferenc Pusztai (eds). Magyar nyelvtörténet (’Hungarian Language History’). Budapest: Osiris, 2003. →ISBN (with remote access at Arcanum’s Szaktárs for members of Metropolitan Ervin Szabó Librarydb and other institutions), p. 114
Further reading
- szem in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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