φαιός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
The word has been compared with Latvian gaišs (“light, bright”) and reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰaiso- (“bright, shining”). Other reconstructions which have been proposed are *φαιϝός (*phaiwós) and *φαισϝός (*phaiswós). In short, the etymology is still unknown.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰai̯.ós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /pʰɛˈos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɸɛˈos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /feˈos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /feˈos/
Adjective
φαιός • (phaiós) m (feminine φαιᾱ́, neuter φαιόν); first/second declension
Inflection
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | φαιός phaiós |
φαιᾱ́ phaiā́ |
φαιόν phaión |
φαιώ phaiṓ |
φαιᾱ́ phaiā́ |
φαιώ phaiṓ |
φαιοί phaioí |
φαιαί phaiaí |
φαιᾰ́ phaiá | |||||
| Genitive | φαιοῦ phaioû |
φαιᾶς phaiâs |
φαιοῦ phaioû |
φαιοῖν phaioîn |
φαιαῖν phaiaîn |
φαιοῖν phaioîn |
φαιῶν phaiôn |
φαιῶν phaiôn |
φαιῶν phaiôn | |||||
| Dative | φαιῷ phaiôi |
φαιᾷ phaiâi |
φαιῷ phaiôi |
φαιοῖν phaioîn |
φαιαῖν phaiaîn |
φαιοῖν phaioîn |
φαιοῖς phaioîs |
φαιαῖς phaiaîs |
φαιοῖς phaioîs | |||||
| Accusative | φαιόν phaión |
φαιᾱ́ν phaiā́n |
φαιόν phaión |
φαιώ phaiṓ |
φαιᾱ́ phaiā́ |
φαιώ phaiṓ |
φαιούς phaioús |
φαιᾱ́ς phaiā́s |
φαιᾰ́ phaiá | |||||
| Vocative | φαιέ phaié |
φαιᾱ́ phaiā́ |
φαιόν phaión |
φαιώ phaiṓ |
φαιᾱ́ phaiā́ |
φαιώ phaiṓ |
φαιοί phaioí |
φαιαί phaiaí |
φαιᾰ́ phaiá | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| φαιῶς phaiôs |
φαιότερος phaióteros |
φαιότᾰτος phaiótatos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Derived terms
- λευκόφαιος (leukóphaios)
- φαιουρός (phaiourós)
- φαιοχίτων (phaiokhítōn)
See also
| λευκός (leukós) | γλαυκός (glaukós), κῐλλός (killós), πολῐός (poliós), φαιός (phaiós), χαροπός (kharopós) | ᾰ̓μαυρός (amaurós), κελαινός (kelainós), μαυρός (maurós), μέλᾱς (mélās) |
| ἐρῠθρός (eruthrós); κᾰρῡ́κῐνος (karū́kinos), κόκκῐνος (kókkinos), φοινός (phoinós) | πυρρός (purrhós); ὄρφνῐνος (órphninos) | μήλινος (mḗlinos), ξᾰνθός (xanthós); ὠχρός (ōkhrós) |
| πρᾰ́σῐνος (prásinos) | χλωρός (khlōrós) | χλωρός (khlōrós); χλωρομέλᾱς (khlōromélās) |
| κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos); γλαυκός (glaukós), κᾰλάϊνος (kaláïnos) | κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos) | κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos), ὑᾰκῐ́νθῐνος (huakínthinos) |
| ἰόεις (ióeis), φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (halourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphúreos), οἶνοψ (oînops) | φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (halourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphúreos) | ῥόδινος (rhódinos), ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis) |
Further reading
- “φαιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φαιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- φαιός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek φαιός (phaiós).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /feˈos/
- Hyphenation: φαι‧ός
Adjective
φαιός • (faiós) m (feminine φαιά, neuter φαιό)
- (formal, of colours and hues) dull (having no particular luster or brightness)
- (formal, by extension) grey, ashy (having a color somewhere between white and black)
- 1982, “Ερωτικό (Με μια πιρόγα) [Love Song (In A Pirogue)]”, in Alkis Alkaios (lyrics), Thanos Mikroutsikos (music), Εμπάργκο [Embargo], performed by Manolis Mitsias:
- Εδώ είναι Αττική, φαιό νταμάρι.
- Edó eínai Attikí, faió ntamári.
- This is Attica, a dull grey quarry.
Declension
Declension of φαιός
| number case \ gender |
singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | φαιός • | φαιή • / φαιά • | φαιό • | φαιοί • | φαιές • | φαιά • |
| genitive | φαιού • | φαιής • / φαιάς • | φαιού • | φαιών • | φαιών • | φαιών • |
| accusative | φαιό • | φαιή • / φαιά • | φαιό • | φαιούς • | φαιές • | φαιά • |
| vocative | φαιέ • | φαιή • / φαιά • | φαιό • | φαιοί • | φαιές • | φαιά • |
| derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο φαιός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο φαιός, etc.) | |||||
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “dull”): ανοιχτόχρωμος (anoichtóchromos, “lightly-coloured, light”)
Derived terms
- φαιά ουσία f (faiá ousía, “grey matter”)
- φαιοκίτρινος (faiokítrinos, “pale yellow, yellow-grey”)
- φαιοκόκκινος (faiokókkinos, “pale red, red-grey”)
- φαιοπράσινος (faioprásinos, “pale green, green-grey”)
- φαιοχίτων m (faiochíton, “Nazi dressed in grey”)
- φαιόχρωμος (faióchromos, “grey-coloured”)
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