γλαυκός

See also: Γλαῦκος

Ancient Greek

Grey olive leaves

Etymology

Uncertain origin. Barber reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *gleh₂w-ko-, noting that the root only appears in Greek (Homer, Aeschylus),[1] but Beekes finds an Indo-European origin unlikely.[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡlau̯.kós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɡlaʍˈkos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɣlaɸˈkos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ɣlafˈkos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ɣlafˈkos/

Adjective

γλαυκός • (glaukós) m (feminine γλαυκή, neuter γλαυκόν); first/second declension

gleaming, bright
blue-green or blue-gray
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 700–701:
  Χορός ... ὃ τᾷδε θάλλει μέγιστα χώρᾳ,
  γλαυκᾶς παιδοτρόφου φύλλον ἐλαίας
  Khorós ... hò tâide thállei mégista khṓrāi,
  glaukâs paidotróphou phúllon elaías
  Chorus: [a plant] that flourishes greatly in this land,
  the leaf of the child-nourishing gray olive tree
(of an eye color) light blue or gray

Inflection

First and second declension of γλαυκός; γλαυκή; γλαυκόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	γλαυκός glaukós	γλαυκή glaukḗ	γλαυκόν glaukón	γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκᾱ́ glaukā́	γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκοί glaukoí	γλαυκαί glaukaí	γλαυκᾰ́ glauká
Genitive	γλαυκοῦ glaukoû	γλαυκῆς glaukês	γλαυκοῦ glaukoû	γλαυκοῖν glaukoîn	γλαυκαῖν glaukaîn	γλαυκοῖν glaukoîn	γλαυκῶν glaukôn	γλαυκῶν glaukôn	γλαυκῶν glaukôn
Dative	γλαυκῷ glaukôi	γλαυκῇ glaukêi	γλαυκῷ glaukôi	γλαυκοῖν glaukoîn	γλαυκαῖν glaukaîn	γλαυκοῖν glaukoîn	γλαυκοῖς glaukoîs	γλαυκαῖς glaukaîs	γλαυκοῖς glaukoîs
Accusative	γλαυκόν glaukón	γλαυκήν glaukḗn	γλαυκόν glaukón	γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκᾱ́ glaukā́	γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκούς glaukoús	γλαυκᾱ́ς glaukā́s	γλαυκᾰ́ glauká
Vocative	γλαυκέ glauké	γλαυκή glaukḗ	γλαυκόν glaukón	γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκᾱ́ glaukā́	γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκοί glaukoí	γλαυκαί glaukaí	γλαυκᾰ́ glauká
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	γλαυκῶς glaukôs			γλαυκότερος glaukóteros			γλαυκότᾰτος glaukótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “eye color”): αἰγωπός (aigōpós), μέλας (mélas), χαροπός (kharopós)

Derived terms

Γλαυκή (Glaukḗ)
γλαύκινος (glaúkinos)
γλαύκιον (glaúkion)
Γλαῦκος (Glaûkos)
γλαύκωμα (glaúkōma)
ὑπόγλαυκος (hupóglaukos)
Γλαυκίππη (Glaukíppē)

Descendants

Latin: glaucus
- Catalan: glauc
- → English: glaucous
- French: glauque
  - → Romanian: glauc
- Italian: glauco
- Portuguese: glauco
- Romanian: glauc
- Spanish: glauco
- Translingual: See glauc at the Catalogue of Life

References

Barber, Sievers' Law and the History of Semivowel Syllabicity in Indo-European and Ancient Greek
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 274-275

λευκός (leukós)	γλαυκός (glaukós), κῐλλός (killós), πολῐός (poliós), φαιός (phaiós), χαροπός (kharopós)	ᾰ̓μαυρός (amaurós), κελαινός (kelainós), μαυρός (maurós), μέλᾱς (mélās)
ἐρῠθρός (eruthrós); κᾰρῡ́κῐνος (karū́kinos), κόκκῐνος (kókkinos), φοινός (phoinós)	πυρρός (purrhós); ὄρφνῐνος (órphninos)	μήλινος (mḗlinos), ξᾰνθός (xanthós); ὠχρός (ōkhrós)
πρᾰ́σῐνος (prásinos)	χλωρός (khlōrós)	χλωρός (khlōrós); χλωρομέλᾱς (khlōromélās)
κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos); γλαυκός (glaukós), κᾰλάϊνος (kaláïnos)	κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos)	κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos), ὑᾰκῐ́νθῐνος (huakínthinos)
ἰόεις (ióeis), φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (halourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphúreos), οἶνοψ (oînops)	φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (halourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphúreos)	ῥόδινος (rhódinos), ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis)