ξανθός

See also: Ξάνθος

Ancient Greek

Unknown. There are at least two possibilities:

Derived from Proto-Indo-European, through augmented *ḱsendʰ-, from root *ḱas- (“white, blond, grey”). If this is correct, then this word is akin to Latin cānus (“white”), from Proto-Italic *kaznos;
Of Pre-Greek origin, according to Beekes, which deems the comparison with Latin as gratuitous. Compare also Ancient Greek ξουθός (xouthós, “golden yellow”).

Moreover, the often asserted connection with Etruscan 𐌆𐌀𐌌𐌈𐌉𐌂 (zamθic, “golden”) is probably spurious.

ξᾰνθός • (xanthós) m (feminine ξᾰνθή, neuter ξᾰνθόν); first/second declension

First and second declension of ξᾰνθός; ξᾰνθή; ξᾰνθόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ξᾰνθός xanthós	ξᾰνθή xanthḗ	ξᾰνθόν xanthón	ξᾰνθώ xanthṓ	ξᾰνθᾱ́ xanthā́	ξᾰνθώ xanthṓ	ξᾰνθοί xanthoí	ξᾰνθαί xanthaí	ξᾰνθᾰ́ xanthá
Genitive	ξᾰνθοῦ xanthoû	ξᾰνθῆς xanthês	ξᾰνθοῦ xanthoû	ξᾰνθοῖν xanthoîn	ξᾰνθαῖν xanthaîn	ξᾰνθοῖν xanthoîn	ξᾰνθῶν xanthôn	ξᾰνθῶν xanthôn	ξᾰνθῶν xanthôn
Dative	ξᾰνθῷ xanthôi	ξᾰνθῇ xanthêi	ξᾰνθῷ xanthôi	ξᾰνθοῖν xanthoîn	ξᾰνθαῖν xanthaîn	ξᾰνθοῖν xanthoîn	ξᾰνθοῖς xanthoîs	ξᾰνθαῖς xanthaîs	ξᾰνθοῖς xanthoîs
Accusative	ξᾰνθόν xanthón	ξᾰνθήν xanthḗn	ξᾰνθόν xanthón	ξᾰνθώ xanthṓ	ξᾰνθᾱ́ xanthā́	ξᾰνθώ xanthṓ	ξᾰνθούς xanthoús	ξᾰνθᾱ́ς xanthā́s	ξᾰνθᾰ́ xanthá
Vocative	ξᾰνθέ xanthé	ξᾰνθή xanthḗ	ξᾰνθόν xanthón	ξᾰνθώ xanthṓ	ξᾰνθᾱ́ xanthā́	ξᾰνθώ xanthṓ	ξᾰνθοί xanthoí	ξᾰνθαί xanthaí	ξᾰνθᾰ́ xanthá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ξᾰνθῶς xanthôs			ξᾰνθότερος xanthóteros			ξᾰνθότᾰτος xanthótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

“ξανθός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ξανθός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ξανθός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ξανθός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ξανθός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ξανθός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- auburn idem, page 52.
- blonde idem, page 84.
- brown idem, page 101.
- buff idem, page 102.
- flaxen idem, page 327.
- golden idem, page 366.
- orange idem, page 578.
- russet idem, page 728.
- sandy idem, page 733.
- tawny idem, page 857.
- yellow idem, page 995.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1033

ξανθός • (xanthós) m (feminine ξανθή or ξανθιά, neuter ξανθό)

blonde, blond, fair, flaxen, tawny
ξανθά μαλλιά, όπως το μέλι ― xanthá malliá, ópos to méli ― blonde hair like honey
golden
ξανθό στάχυ ― xanthó stáchy ― golden ear (of corn)

Declension of ξανθός

number case \ gender	singular			plural
number case \ gender	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ξανθός •	ξανθή • / ξανθιά •	ξανθό •	ξανθοί •	ξανθές •	ξανθά •
genitive	ξανθού •	ξανθής • / ξανθιάς •	ξανθού •	ξανθών •	ξανθών •	ξανθών •
accusative	ξανθό •	ξανθή • / ξανθιά •	ξανθό •	ξανθούς •	ξανθές •	ξανθά •
vocative	ξανθέ •	ξανθή • / ξανθιά •	ξανθό •	ξανθοί •	ξανθές •	ξανθά •
derivations	Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο ξανθός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο ξανθός, etc.)

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λευκός (leukós)	γλαυκός (glaukós), κῐλλός (killós), πολῐός (poliós), φαιός (phaiós), χαροπός (kharopós)	ᾰ̓μαυρός (amaurós), κελαινός (kelainós), μαυρός (maurós), μέλᾱς (mélās)
ἐρῠθρός (eruthrós); κᾰρῡ́κῐνος (karū́kinos), κόκκῐνος (kókkinos), φοινός (phoinós)	πυρρός (purrhós); ὄρφνῐνος (órphninos)	μήλινος (mḗlinos), ξᾰνθός (xanthós); ὠχρός (ōkhrós)
πρᾰ́σῐνος (prásinos)	χλωρός (khlōrós)	χλωρός (khlōrós); χλωρομέλᾱς (khlōromélās)
κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos); γλαυκός (glaukós), κᾰλάϊνος (kaláïnos)	κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos)	κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos), ὑᾰκῐ́νθῐνος (huakínthinos)
ἰόεις (ióeis), φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (halourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphúreos), οἶνοψ (oînops)	φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (halourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphúreos)	ῥόδινος (rhódinos), ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis)