srḫ

See also: SRH and srh

Egyptian

Etymology

From s- (causative prefix) +‎ rḫ (“to know, to learn”). The noun is derived from the verb.

Pronunciation

Verb
sr
x		 A2

 caus. 2-lit.

  1. (transitive) to make known, to show or publicly reveal (someone or something) (+ n: to (someone)) [since the Middle Kingdom]
  2. (transitive) to denounce, to accuse (someone) (+ n: of, regarding; to fault for, to blame for)

Inflection
Conjugation of srḫ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: srḫ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
srḫt, srḫ
 srḫw, srḫ
 srḫt
 srḫ
 srḫ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
srḫ
 ḥr srḫ
 m srḫ
 r srḫ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect srḫ.n
 srḫw, srḫ
 consecutive srḫ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative srḫt
perfective3 srḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 srḫ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective srḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 srḫw, srḫ, srḫy
 srḫw, srḫ, srḫy
 potentialis1 srḫ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive srḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect srḫ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective srḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 srḫ
 srḫ, srḫw5, srḫy5
imperfective srḫ, srḫy, srḫw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 srḫ, srḫj6, srḫy6
 srḫ, srḫw5
prospective srḫ, srḫtj7
 — srḫwtj1 4, srḫtj4, srḫt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of srḫ  
sr
x
Y1
sr
x		 O33
sr
x		 nDs
z
r
x		 A2
sx
r		 A2
srḫ srḫ srḫ srḫ sḫr
[New Kingdom] [New Kingdom]
sporadic sporadic sporadic

Noun
sr
x		 A2

 m

  1. notoriety, infamy, bad reputation (+ ḫr: before (someone)) [Middle and New Kingdoms and 26th Dynasty]
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.10–1.11:
      irH6AwwnDsmsr
      x      		 A2n
      t X4
      X2 Z2      		 D35sxmmA24nmdd
      t      		 A2nb
      t      		 imf
      jr šww m srḫ n t nj sḫm.n mdt nbt jm.f
      As for one who is free of notoriety regarding bread, no word can take control of him.

Usage notes

Usually found negated and with a suffix pronoun attached.

Inflection
Declension of srḫ (masculine)
singular srḫ
dual srḫwj
plural srḫw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of srḫ  
sr
x		 nDs
z
r
x		 A2
z
r
x		 Y1V
srḫ srḫ srḫ

Noun
sr
x		 O33

 m

  1. palace façade, particularly as a seat for the Horus-falcon and as an enclosure containing the serekh name [since the 18th Dynasty]
  2. (by extension) throne, seat of a king or god

Inflection
Declension of srḫ (masculine)
singular srḫ
dual srḫwj
plural srḫw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of srḫ  
z
r
x		 O33
O33
sr
x		 pr
srḫ srḫ srḫ
abbreviation

Descendants
  • → English: serekh

References
  • “srḫ (lemma ID 139590)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “srḫ (lemma ID 139600)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “srḫ (lemma ID 139660)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 199.1–199.8, 200.3–200.14
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 236
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 66, 189.
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