sorprendre

See also: sorprendré

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan sobreprendre, probably with influence from French surprendre. First attested in 1803.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): (Central) [surˈpɛn.dɾə], (proscribed spelling pronunciation) [surˈpɾɛn.dɾə]
  • IPA(key): (Balearic) [sorˈpən.dɾə], (proscribed spelling pronunciation) [sorˈpɾən.dɾə]
  • IPA(key): (Valencian) [soɾˈpen.dɾe], (proscribed spelling pronunciation) [soɾˈpɾen.dɾe]

Verb

sorprendre (first-person singular present sorprenc, first-person singular preterite sorprenguí, past participle sorprès); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencian) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/

  1. to surprise

Conjugation
    Conjugation of sorprendre (second conjugation, irregular, with velar infix)
infinitive sorprendre
gerund sorprenent
past participle masculine feminine
singular sorprès sorpresa
plural sorpresos sorpreses
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present sorprenc sorprens sorprèn sorprenem sorpreneu sorprenen
imperfect sorprenia sorprenies sorprenia sorpreníem sorpreníeu sorprenien
future sorprendré sorprendràs sorprendrà sorprendrem sorprendreu sorprendran
preterite sorprenguí sorprengueres sorprengué sorprenguérem sorprenguéreu sorprengueren
conditional sorprendria sorprendries sorprendria sorprendríem sorprendríeu sorprendrien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present sorprengui sorprenguis sorprengui sorprenguem sorprengueu sorprenguin
imperfect sorprengués sorprenguessis sorprengués sorprenguéssim sorprenguéssiu sorprenguessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós		 vostès
affirmative — sorprèn sorprengui sorprenguem sorpreneu sorprenguin
negative (no) — no sorprenguis no sorprengui no sorprenguem no sorprengueu no sorprenguin

References
  1. “sorprendre”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024

Further reading

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From sor- +‎ prendre. First attested in c. 1165. Compare Old Occitan sobreprendre.

Sense 3 is not original and resulted from the absorption by this verb of the related sosprendre.

Verb

sorprendre

  1. to seize, take control of
  2. to overtake
  3. to surprise

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of sorprendre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive sorprendre avoir sorpris
gerund en sorprenant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle sorprenant
past participle sorpris
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present sorpreing, sorpren sorprenz sorprent sorprenons sorprenez sorprenent
imperfect sorprenoie, sorpreneie sorprenoies, sorpreneies sorprenoit, sorpreneit sorpreniiens, sorpreniens sorpreniiez, sorpreniez sorprenoient, sorpreneient
preterite sorpris sorpreṣis sorprist sorpreṣimes sorpreṣistes sorprisdrent
future sorprendrai sorprendras sorprendra sorprendrons sorprendroiz, sorprendreiz, sorprendrez sorprendront
conditional sorprendroie, sorprendreie sorprendroies, sorprendreies sorprendroit, sorprendreit sorprendriiens, sorprendriens sorprendriiez, sorprendriez sorprendroient, sorprendreient
compound
tenses		 present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present sorpreigne sorpreignes sorpreigne sorprenons, sorpreigniens, sorpreignons sorprenez, sorpreigniez sorpreignent
imperfect sorpreṣisse sorpreṣisses sorpreṣist sorpreṣissons, sorpreṣissiens sorpreṣissoiz, sorpreṣissez, sorpreṣissiez sorpreṣissent
compound
tenses		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— sorpren — sorprenons sorprenez —

Descendants
  • Middle French: surprendre
  • → Italian: sorprendere

References
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