paluma
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *palvodak. Cognate to Finnish palvoa and Livonian pall. Compare also Erzya and Moksha паламс (palams, “to kiss”).
Conjugation
Conjugation of paluma (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | palun | ei palu | 1st sing. | olen palunud | ei ole palunud pole palunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | palud | 2nd sing. | oled palunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | palub | 3rd sing. | on palunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | palume | 1st plur. | oleme palunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | palute | 2nd plur. | olete palunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | paluvad | 3rd plur. | on palunud | ||||||
| passive | palutakse | ei paluta | passive | on palutud | ei ole palutud pole palutud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | palusin | ei palunud | 1st sing. | olin palunud | ei olnud palunud polnud palunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | palusid | 2nd sing. | olid palunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | palus | 3rd sing. | oli palunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | palusime | 1st plur. | olime palunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | palusite | 2nd plur. | olite palunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | palusid | 3rd plur. | oli palunud | ||||||
| passive | paluti | ei palutud | passive | oli palutud | ei olnud palutud polnud palutud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | paluksin | ei paluks | 1st sing. | palunuksin oleksin palunud |
ei palunuks ei oleks palunud poleks palunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | paluksid | 2nd sing. | palunuksid oleksid palunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | paluks | 3rd sing. | palunuks oleks palunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | paluksime | 1st plur. | palunuksime oleksime palunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | paluksite | 2nd plur. | palunuksite oleksite palunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | paluksid | 3rd plur. | palunuksid oleksid palunud | ||||||
| passive | palutaks | ei palutaks | passive | oleks palutud | ei oleks palutud poleks palutud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | palu | ära palu | 2nd sing. | ole palunud | ära ole palunud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | palugu | ärgu palugu | 3rd sing. | olgu palunud | ärgu olgu palunud | ||||
| 1st plur. | palugem | ärme palume ärme palu ärgem palugem |
1st plur. | olgem palunud | ärme oleme palunud ärme ole palunud ärgem olgem palunud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | paluge | ärge paluge | 2nd plur. | olge palunud | ärge olge palunud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | palugu | ärgu palugu | 3rd plur. | olgu palunud | ärgu olgu palunud | ||||
| passive | palutagu | ärgu palutagu | passive | olgu palutud | ärgu olgu palutud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | paluvat | ei paluvat | active | olevat palunud | ei olevat palunud polevat palunud | ||||
| passive | palutavat | ei palutavat | passive | olevat palutud | ei olevat palutud polevat palutud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | paluma | palutama | nominative | paluda | olla palunud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | paludes | olles palunud | |||||
| inessive | palumas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | palumast | present | paluv | palutav | |||||
| translative | palumaks | past | palunud | palutud | |||||
| abessive | palumata | negative | palumatu | — | |||||
Derived terms
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