mund
English
Etymology
From Middle English and Old English mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand, protection, security”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mʊnd/, /mʌnd/
Audio (Southern England) (file) Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -ʊnd, -ʌnd
Noun
mund (countable and uncountable, plural munds)
- (obsolete) A hand.
- (obsolete) Security, granted by a king or earl, the violation of which was punished by a fine (a mundbyrd).
- (obsolete) Protection; guardianship.
Derived terms
Anagrams
Albanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmund/
Etymology 1
Uncertain: Possibly:
- From Proto-Indo-European *megʰ- (“to be able”),[1][2] though there's no evidence supporting the fall of the velar.
- A nasal-infixed formation from the root *mewd-, whence also mudà (“possibility”), mudúoti (“to try, attempt”) and Sanskrit मुद् (mud, “to be happy, rejoice”).[3]
- From Proto-Indo-European *meHndʰ- (“to pay attention, wisdom”).[4][5][6]
- Akin to Lithuanian išmintìs (“to be able”), išmėginti (“try”), išmintìs (“wisdom”).[7]
Alternative forms
- mundënj — Arvanitika, Arbëresh
- mûj, muj — Gheg
Verb
mund (aorist munda, participle mundur)
- (intransitive) can, to be able to; to have the opportunity, power or ability
- followed by të
- to beat, win over, conquer
- (transitive) to defeat, beat; to emerge victorious (in a match, battle)
- to survive, get over, beat (a fear, illness, disease)
- (figurative, third person) take over (with short pronoun forms)
- Më mundi gjumi.
- The sleep took over me
- (mediopassive) See mundem.
Conjugation
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Show compound tenses:
participle | mundur | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | duke mundur | ||||||
infinitive | për të mundur | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st pers. | 2nd pers. | 3rd pers. | 1st pers. | 2nd pers. | 3rd pers. | ||
indicative | present | mund | mund | mund | mundim | mundni | mundin |
imperfect | mundja | mundje | mundte | mundnim | mundnit | mundnin | |
aorist | munda | munde | mundi | mundëm | mundët | mundën | |
perfect | kam mundur | ke mundur | ka mundur | kemi mundur | keni mundur | kanë mundur | |
past perfect | kisha mundur | kishe mundur | kishte mundur | kishim mundur | kishit mundur | kishin mundur | |
aorist II | pata mundur | pate mundur | pati mundur | patëm mundur | patët mundur | patën mundur | |
future1 | do të mund | do të mundësh | do të mundë | do të mundim | do të mundni | do të mundin | |
future perfect2 | do të kem mundur | do të kesh mundur | do të ketë mundur | do të kemi mundur | do të keni mundur | do të kenë mundur | |
subjunctive | present | të mund | të mundësh | të mundë | të mundim | të mundni | të mundin |
imperfect | të mundja | të mundje | të mundte | të mundnim | të mundnit | të mundnin | |
perfect | të kem mundur | të kesh mundur | të ketë mundur | të kemi mundur | të keni mundur | të kenë mundur | |
past perfect | të kisha mundur | të kishe mundur | të kishte mundur | të kishim mundur | të kishit mundur | të kishin mundur | |
conditional1, 2 | imperfect | do të mundja | do të mundje | do të mundte | do të mundnim | do të mundnit | do të mundnin |
past perfect | do të kisha mundur | do të kishe mundur | do të kishte mundur | do të kishim mundur | do të kishit mundur | do të kishin mundur | |
optative | present | mundsha | mundsh | mundtë | mundshim | mundshit | mundshin |
perfect | paça mundur | paç mundur | pastë mundur | paçim mundur | paçit mundur | paçin mundur | |
admirative | present | mundkam | mundke | mundka | mundkemi | mundkeni | mundkan |
imperfect | mundkësha | mundkëshe | mundkësh | mundkëshim | mundkëshit | mundkëshin | |
perfect | paskam mundur | paske mundur | paska mundur | paskemi mundur | paskeni mundur | paskan mundur | |
past perfect | paskësha mundur | paskëshe mundur | paskësh mundur | paskëshim mundur | paskëshit mundur | paskëshin mundur | |
imperative | present | — | mund | — | — | mundni | — |
1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect |
Derived terms
References
- Çabej, E. (1986) Studime gjuhësore (in Albanian), volume I, Prishtinë: Rilindja, pages 357–358
- Demiraj, B. (1997) “mund”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi
- Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “mund”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 277–278
- Meyer, G. (1891) “mund”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, , page 291
- Jokl, Norbert (1911) Studien zur albanesischen Etymologie und Wortbildung (Sitzungsberichte der Philosophisch-Historischen Klasse der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften; 168) (in German), Vienna: A. Hölder, page 58
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “3. men”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 727
- Werner Winter (1965) Evidence for Laryngeals, The Hague, Mouton, →OCLC, page 138
Etymology 2
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥(s)-dʰh₁-. Compare Old Norse munda (“aim, strive”), Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽 (mundōn, “look up”), Old High German muntar (“keen, eager”), Ancient Greek μανθάνω (manthánō, “learn”), Lithuanian mañdras (“alert, awake, smart, minxish”).
Alternative forms
- mûn — Gheg
Noun
mund m (definite mundi)
Related terms
Further reading
- “mund”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse muðr, munnr, from Proto-Germanic *munþaz, cognate with English mouth, German Mund.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /monˀ/, [ˈmɔnˀ]
Noun
mund c (singular definite munden, plural indefinite munde)
- mouth (the opening of an animal through which food is ingested)
Declension
Derived terms
- mundaflæsning
- mundart
- mundbevægelse
- mundbind
- mundblæse
- munde
- mundfuld
- mundharmonika
- mundharpe
- mundheld
- mundhugges
- mundkurv
- mundlam
- mundlæder
- mundret
- mundskænk
- mundstykke
- mundtlig
- mundtøj
- mundvand
- mundvig
- overmund
- slikmund
- trutmund
- undermund
See also
- mund on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mʏnt/
- Rhymes: -ʏnt
Etymology 1
From Old Norse mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō.
Declension
Synonyms
- (hand): hönd
Derived terms
- morgunstund gefur gull í mund (“the early bird catches the worm”)
Etymology 2
Related to Old Norse munda (“to aim, to strive”), Old High German muntar (“keen, eager”), from Proto-Germanic *mundraz (“alert”).
Noun
mund f (genitive singular mundar, nominative plural mundir) or mund n (genitive singular munds, nominative plural mund)
- Used only in set phrases.
Declension
or
Derived terms
- í sömu mund/í sama mund (“at the same time”)
- um þær mundir (“in those days, around that time”)
Related terms
Middle English
Etymology
From Old English mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /muːnd/, /mund/
Noun
mund (plural moundes or munden)
- Might, ability, or skill.
- Magnitude, greatness, utility, or usefulness.
- (rare) Protection, guarding, defence
- (rare) A hand, especially as a measurement.
- (rare) A band of warriors or fighters.
References
- “mǒund(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-20.
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand, guard, security”).
Cognate with Old Frisian mund m (“guardian”), Old Norse mund-r m (noun, literally “sum paid by a bridegroom for his bride”), Old Saxon mund (“hand”, noun), Old High German munt m (“protector”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mund/
Noun
Declension
Old French
Old High German
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *munþ.
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand”). Further cognates see there.
References
- “mund”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Romansch
Swedish
Declension
Declension of mund | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | mund | munden | mundar | mundarna |
Genitive | munds | mundens | mundars | mundarnas |