lauma
See also: Lauma
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *lauma, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *flaumaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlɑu̯mɑ/, [ˈlɑ̝u̯mɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -ɑumɑ
- Syllabification(key): lau‧ma
Noun
lauma
Usage notes
This word is used of groups of most land animals. Exceptions include herded reindeer (tokka) and domesticated lamb and goat (katras). A group of flying or water animals is usually called a parvi (when seen three-dimensionally rather than two-dimensionally). Seals are a border case: usually a group of seals is lauma (seen as two-dimensional) but when in water, especially a small group of seals may be called parvi (seen as three-dimensional).
Declension
| Inflection of lauma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | lauma | laumat | ||
| genitive | lauman | laumojen | ||
| partitive | laumaa | laumoja | ||
| illative | laumaan | laumoihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | lauma | laumat | ||
| accusative | nom. | lauma | laumat | |
| gen. | lauman | |||
| genitive | lauman | laumojen laumainrare | ||
| partitive | laumaa | laumoja | ||
| inessive | laumassa | laumoissa | ||
| elative | laumasta | laumoista | ||
| illative | laumaan | laumoihin | ||
| adessive | laumalla | laumoilla | ||
| ablative | laumalta | laumoilta | ||
| allative | laumalle | laumoille | ||
| essive | laumana | laumoina | ||
| translative | laumaksi | laumoiksi | ||
| abessive | laumatta | laumoitta | ||
| instructive | — | laumoin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of lauma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms
- (crowd): joukko, väkijoukko
Derived terms
compounds
See also
Further reading
- “lauma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈløyːma/
- Rhymes: -øyːma
Verb
lauma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative laumaði, supine laumað)
Conjugation
lauma — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að lauma | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
laumað | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
laumandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég lauma | við laumum | present (nútíð) |
ég laumi | við laumum |
| þú laumar | þið laumið | þú laumir | þið laumið | ||
| hann, hún, það laumar | þeir, þær, þau lauma | hann, hún, það laumi | þeir, þær, þau laumi | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég laumaði | við laumuðum | past (þátíð) |
ég laumaði | við laumuðum |
| þú laumaðir | þið laumuðuð | þú laumaðir | þið laumuðuð | ||
| hann, hún, það laumaði | þeir, þær, þau laumuðu | hann, hún, það laumaði | þeir, þær, þau laumuðu | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
lauma (þú) | laumið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| laumaðu | laumiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
laumast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að laumast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
laumast | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
laumandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég laumast | við laumumst | present (nútíð) |
ég laumist | við laumumst |
| þú laumast | þið laumist | þú laumist | þið laumist | ||
| hann, hún, það laumast | þeir, þær, þau laumast | hann, hún, það laumist | þeir, þær, þau laumist | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég laumaðist | við laumuðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég laumaðist | við laumuðumst |
| þú laumaðist | þið laumuðust | þú laumaðist | þið laumuðust | ||
| hann, hún, það laumaðist | þeir, þær, þau laumuðust | hann, hún, það laumaðist | þeir, þær, þau laumuðust | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
laumast (þú) | laumist (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| laumastu | laumisti * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
Noun
lauma f (genitive singular laumu, no plural)
- a card game in which players simultaneously pass a card to the next person, trying to collect a matching set
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