kallama
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *χalþija-. Compare Icelandic hella (“to pour”).
Conjugation
Conjugation of kallama (ÕS type 29/hüppama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | kallan | ei kalla | 1st sing. | olen kallanud | ei ole kallanud pole kallanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kallad | 2nd sing. | oled kallanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | kallab | 3rd sing. | on kallanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | kallame | 1st plur. | oleme kallanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | kallate | 2nd plur. | olete kallanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | kallavad | 3rd plur. | on kallanud | ||||||
| passive | kallatakse | ei kallata | passive | on kallatud | ei ole kallatud pole kallatud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | kallasin | ei kallanud | 1st sing. | olin kallanud | ei olnud kallanud polnud kallanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kallasid | 2nd sing. | olid kallanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | kallas | 3rd sing. | oli kallanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | kallasime | 1st plur. | olime kallanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | kallasite | 2nd plur. | olite kallanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | kallasid | 3rd plur. | oli kallanud | ||||||
| passive | kallati | ei kallatud | passive | oli kallatud | ei olnud kallatud polnud kallatud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | kallaksin | ei kallaks | 1st sing. | kallanuksin oleksin kallanud |
ei kallanuks ei oleks kallanud poleks kallanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kallaksid | 2nd sing. | kallanuksid oleksid kallanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | kallaks | 3rd sing. | kallanuks oleks kallanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | kallaksime | 1st plur. | kallanuksime oleksime kallanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | kallaksite | 2nd plur. | kallanuksite oleksite kallanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | kallaksid | 3rd plur. | kallanuksid oleksid kallanud | ||||||
| passive | kallataks | ei kallataks | passive | oleks kallatud | ei oleks kallatud poleks kallatud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kalla | ära kalla | 2nd sing. | ole kallanud | ära ole kallanud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | kallaku | ärgu kallaku | 3rd sing. | olgu kallanud | ärgu olgu kallanud | ||||
| 1st plur. | kallakem | ärme kallame ärme kalla ärgem kallakem |
1st plur. | olgem kallanud | ärme oleme kallanud ärme ole kallanud ärgem olgem kallanud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | kallake | ärge kallake | 2nd plur. | olge kallanud | ärge olge kallanud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | kallaku | ärgu kallaku | 3rd plur. | olgu kallanud | ärgu olgu kallanud | ||||
| passive | kallatagu | ärgu kallatagu | passive | olgu kallatud | ärgu olgu kallatud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | kallavat | ei kallavat | active | olevat kallanud | ei olevat kallanud polevat kallanud | ||||
| passive | kallatavat | ei kallatavat | passive | olevat kallatud | ei olevat kallatud polevat kallatud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | kallama | kallatama | nominative | kallata | olla kallanud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | kallates | olles kallanud | |||||
| inessive | kallamas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | kallamast | present | kallav | kallatav | |||||
| translative | kallamaks | past | kallanud | kallatud | |||||
| abessive | kallamata | negative | kallamatu | — | |||||
Related terms
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