extinguir

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin extinguere.

Pronunciation
 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /is.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ʁ)/ [is.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(h)], /es.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ʁ)/ [es.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(h)], /is.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ʁ)/ [is.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(h)], /es.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ʁ)/ [es.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /is.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ɾ)/, /es.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ɾ)/, /is.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ɾ)/, /es.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /iʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ʁ)/ [iʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(χ)], /eʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ʁ)/ [eʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(χ)], /iʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ʁ)/ [iʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(χ)], /eʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ʁ)/ [eʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /es.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ɻ)/, /es.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ɻ)/
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /(i)ʃ.tĩˈɡiɾ/, /ɐjʃ.tĩˈɡiɾ/
    • (Northern Portugal) IPA(key): /(i)ʃ.tĩˈɡiɾ/, /ejʃ.tĩˈɡiɾ/
    • (Central Portugal) IPA(key): /(i)ʃ.tĩˈɡiɾ/, /ejʃ.tĩˈɡiɾ/
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /(i)ʃ.tĩˈɡi.ɾi/, /eʃ.tĩˈɡi.ɾi/

  • Hyphenation: ex‧tin‧guir

Verb

extinguir (first-person singular present extingo, first-person singular preterite extingui, past participle extinguido, short past participle extinto)

  1. to extinguish, quench

Conjugation
    Conjugation of extinguir (irregular short past participle; g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal extinguir
Personal extinguir extinguires extinguir extinguirmos extinguirdes extinguirem
Gerund
extinguindo
Short past participle
Masculine extinto1 extintos1
Feminine extinta1 extintas1
Long past participle
Masculine extinguido2 extinguidos2
Feminine extinguida2 extinguidas2
Indicative
Present extingo extingues extingue extinguimos extinguis extinguem
Imperfect extinguia extinguias extinguia extinguíamos extinguíeis extinguiam
Preterite extingui extinguiste extinguiu extinguimos extinguistes extinguiram
Pluperfect extinguira extinguiras extinguira extinguíramos extinguíreis extinguiram
Future extinguirei extinguirás extinguirá extinguiremos extinguireis extinguirão
Conditional extinguiria extinguirias extinguiria extinguiríamos extinguiríeis extinguiriam
Subjunctive
Present extinga extingas extinga extingamos extingais extingam
Imperfect extinguisse extinguisses extinguisse extinguíssemos extinguísseis extinguissem
Future extinguir extinguires extinguir extinguirmos extinguirdes extinguirem
Imperative
Affirmative extingue extinga extingamos extingui extingam
Negative (não) não extingas não extinga não extingamos não extingais não extingam

1Usually used with auxiliary verbs ser and estar.
2Usually used with auxiliary verbs haver and ter.

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin extinguere.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /eɡstinˈɡiɾ/ [eɣ̞s.t̪ĩŋˈɡiɾ]
  • Rhymes: -iɾ
  • Syllabification: ex‧tin‧guir

Verb

extinguir (first-person singular present extingo, first-person singular preterite extinguí, past participle extinguido)

  1. to extinguish, to put out
  2. to carry out (a task, etc.)
  3. (reflexive) to go extinct, to die out
    • 2019 February 20, “Confirman la extinción del primer mamífero por culpa del cambio climático”, in El Nuevo Día‎:
      Antes de extinguirse, estos roedores eran los únicos mamíferos nativos de la Gran Barrera de Coral, ecosistema ubicado frente a la costa de Queensland en el noreste de Australia.
      Before going extinct, these rodents were the only mammals native to the Great Barrier Reef, an ecosystem located in front of the Queensland coast in northeast Australia.

Conjugation
    Conjugation of extinguir (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive extinguir
gerund extinguiendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular extinguido extinguida
plural extinguidos extinguidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present extingo extinguestú
extinguísvos		 extingue extinguimos extinguís extinguen
imperfect extinguía extinguías extinguía extinguíamos extinguíais extinguían
preterite extinguí extinguiste extinguió extinguimos extinguisteis extinguieron
future extinguiré extinguirás extinguirá extinguiremos extinguiréis extinguirán
conditional extinguiría extinguirías extinguiría extinguiríamos extinguiríais extinguirían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present extinga extingastú
extingásvos2		 extinga extingamos extingáis extingan
imperfect
(ra)		 extinguiera extinguieras extinguiera extinguiéramos extinguierais extinguieran
imperfect
(se)		 extinguiese extinguieses extinguiese extinguiésemos extinguieseis extinguiesen
future1 extinguiere extinguieres extinguiere extinguiéremos extinguiereis extinguieren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative extinguetú
extinguívos		 extinga extingamos extinguid extingan
negative no extingas no extinga no extingamos no extingáis no extingan

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of extinguir (g-gu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive extinguir
dative extinguirme extinguirte extinguirle, extinguirse extinguirnos extinguiros extinguirles, extinguirse
accusative extinguirme extinguirte extinguirlo, extinguirla, extinguirse extinguirnos extinguiros extinguirlos, extinguirlas, extinguirse
with gerund extinguiendo
dative extinguiéndome extinguiéndote extinguiéndole, extinguiéndose extinguiéndonos extinguiéndoos extinguiéndoles, extinguiéndose
accusative extinguiéndome extinguiéndote extinguiéndolo, extinguiéndola, extinguiéndose extinguiéndonos extinguiéndoos extinguiéndolos, extinguiéndolas, extinguiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative extingue
dative extíngueme extínguete extínguele extínguenos not used extíngueles
accusative extíngueme extínguete extínguelo, extínguela extínguenos not used extínguelos, extínguelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative extinguí
dative extinguime extinguite extinguile extinguinos not used extinguiles
accusative extinguime extinguite extinguilo, extinguila extinguinos not used extinguilos, extinguilas
with formal second-person singular imperative extinga
dative extíngame not used extíngale, extíngase extínganos not used extíngales
accusative extíngame not used extíngalo, extíngala, extíngase extínganos not used extíngalos, extíngalas
with first-person plural imperative extingamos
dative not used extingámoste extingámosle extingámonos extingámoos extingámosles
accusative not used extingámoste extingámoslo, extingámosla extingámonos extingámoos extingámoslos, extingámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative extinguid
dative extinguidme not used extinguidle extinguidnos extinguíos extinguidles
accusative extinguidme not used extinguidlo, extinguidla extinguidnos extinguíos extinguidlos, extinguidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative extingan
dative extínganme not used extínganle extíngannos not used extínganles, extínganse
accusative extínganme not used extínganlo, extínganla extíngannos not used extínganlos, extínganlas, extínganse

Further reading
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