ess-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ess"
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *exs-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out”).
Prefix
ess- (pretonic as-)
- ex-, out
- privative prefix: non-, dis-
- ess- (“non-”) + carae (“friend”) → escarae (“enemy”, literally “non-friend”)
- ess- (“non-”) + báe (“benefit, utility”) → esbae (“uselessness”)
- ess- (“-less”) + recht (“law”) → eisrecht (“outlaw”, literally “lawless, i.e. not protected under the law”)
- ess- (“-less”) + tol (“desire”) → etal (“pure, sinless”, literally “without desire”)
Usage notes
Originally, ess- manifested in the following distribution in stressed syllables:
Already in Old Irish, however, ess- proper can be seen encroaching on the environments of its other allomorphs.
Derived terms
Old Irish terms prefixed with ess-
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ess-, es-, e-, é-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 834
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