ess-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ess"

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *exs-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (out).

Prefix

ess- (pretonic as-)

  1. ex-, out
    ess- (out) + beirid (to bring, carry)as·beir (to say, literally bring out)
    ess- (out) + renaid (to sell)as·ren (pay (off), literally sell out)
    ess- (out) + éirge (rising)esséirge (resurrection, literally rising out)
  2. privative prefix: non-, dis-
    ess- (non-) + carae (friend)escarae (enemy, literally non-friend)
    ess- (non-) + báe (benefit, utility)esbae (uselessness)
    ess- (-less) + recht (law)eisrecht (outlaw, literally lawless, i.e. not protected under the law)
    ess- (-less) + tol (desire)etal (pure, sinless, literally without desire)

Usage notes

Originally, ess- manifested in the following distribution in stressed syllables:

  • ess- proper before vowels and s-
  • é- before resonants
  • e- before stops, blocking lenition

Already in Old Irish, however, ess- proper can be seen encroaching on the environments of its other allomorphs.

Derived terms

Old Irish terms prefixed with ess-

Descendants

  • Irish: eas-
  • Scottish Gaelic: eas-

Further reading

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