bez
English
Etymology 1
See bezantler.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɛz/
Translations
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Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /biːz/
- Rhymes: -iːz
- Homophone: bees
Verb
bez
- (nonstandard, dialectal) first-person plural simple present of be
- Synonym: (standard) are
- 2007 October 20, NiggydaHoe, “Re: 79yr old Nigger Idiot was suspended for racist bullshit”, in alt.music.white-power (Usenet):
- We bez run to 'da good bad white man. He gonna fire 'da ova bad white man.
If 'da bad white man cain't sayz be[sic] niggas bez stupid in 'da heaad, wif' low
iq an' shit, 'dat mus' mean we bez humans.
- (nonstandard, dialectal) third-person plural simple present of be
- Synonym: (standard) are
- 2007 June 13, Mustapha Mond, “Re: Nigger Apologists: Slaves Who Died at Sea Being Honored”, in comp.sys.mac.apps (Usenet):
- >>>>>>> " […] They are not rotting someplace in hell, they bez right
>>>>>>> here
>>>>>>> whining wif us."
See also
Anagrams
Aragonese
References
- Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “bez”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN
Basque
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbɛs]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛs
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Czech bez, from Proto-Slavic *bъzъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos.
Declension
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Czech bez, from Proto-Slavic *bez, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰs.
Kashubian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez.
Further reading
- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “bez”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 6
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “bez”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi, volume 1, page 73
- “bez”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Latgalian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź. Cognates include Latvian bez and Lithuanian be.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbʲɛs]
- Hyphenation: bez
Preposition
bez (+ genitive)
References
- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 71
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź. Cognates include Latgalian bez and Lithuanian be.
Derived terms
Masurian
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbɛs]
- Syllabification: bez
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Polish bez.
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Polish bez.
Old Czech
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bъzъ.
Declension
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | bez | bzy | bzi, bzové |
genitive | bza, bzu | bzú | bzóv |
dative | bzu | bzoma | bzóm |
accusative | bez | bzy | bzy |
vocative | bze | bzy | bzi, bzové |
locative | bzě, bzu | bzú | bziech |
instrumental | bzem | bzoma | bzy |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants
- Czech: bez
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez.
Preposition
bez [+genitive]
- Denotes lack; without
- bez diva ― normally
- bez čísla ― countless
- Umřěl bez časa. ― He died prematurely.
- V ten čas bez města budieše ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Jest juž bez ňeho. ― He's already dead.
- Denotes action carried out against someone's wishes.
- Denotes interrupted action.
- Determines proximity in amount; nearly
Derived terms
- bezděky
- bezmál
- bezpeč
- beztoho
Descendants
- Czech: bez
References
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “bez”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bъzъ. First attested in the 15th century.
Noun
bez m animacy unattested
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez. First attested in 1418.
Preposition
bez
- without [+genitive]
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 106, 4:
- Zblandzyly sø na pvsczy bez wod (erraverunt in solitudine, in inaquoso)
- [Zbłądzili są na puszczy bez wod (erraverunt in solitudine, in inaquoso)]
- contra, against [+genitive]
- 1897 [1409], Teki Adolfa Pawińskiego, volume IV, number 1742:
- Albertus jan mego czloweka... besz prawa
- [Albertus jął mego człowieka... bez prawa]
- 1901 [1425], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume II, page 304:
- Ysze Jan Marczina kmecza *Szvinanywa dzirszal gy w yanczwe... y puszczyl gy bez urzandu szemskyego
- [Iże Jan Marcina kmiecia Świnianiwa dzirżał ji w jeństwie... i puścił ji bez urzędu ziemskiego]
- 1884, “Die Magdeburger Urtheile. Ein Deutschen Rechtes in polnischer Sprache aus der Mitte des XV Jahrhunderts”, in Aleksander Brückner, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume VII, page 564:
- Besz gych dzyaky an eren wyllen
- [Bez jich dzięki an eren wyllen]
- besides, except [+genitive]
- 1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 129:
- Mogaly przyszyasznyczy myecz oszobnego pyszarza besz raczkyego, szlowye myesczkyego pyszarza?
- [Mogąli przysiężnicy mieć osobnego pisarza bez radzkiego, słowie miesckiego pisarza?]
- before [+genitive]
- 1886, Emil Kałużniacki, editor, Die polnische Recension der Magdeburger Urtheile und die einschlägigen deutschen, lateinischen und czechischen Sammlungen, page 185:
- Przyszaszely ku przysząstwu besz wyrzeczonego czassv, ten nye moze szye szam szandzycz przez przysząstwa przesz swe obesczye
- [Przysiężeli ku przysięstwu bez wyrzeczonego czasu, ten nie może sie sam zsadzić [prze]z przysięstwa przez swe obeście]
Alternative forms
Etymology 3
From bez, due to confusion with the rhyming preposition przez. The two words were and are used interchangeably in various dialects, and in Old Polish przez was about to replace bez around the 14th-15th century. In the written language the earlier distinction ultimately prevailed, however.[1] First attested in c. 1512.
Preposition
bez
- through, by [+accusative]
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 103:
- Bez chytrość (per astutiam) Antypatrową lepak synowie Herodowi... byli podeźrani ojcu
- [Bez chytrość (per astutiam) Antypatrowę lepak synowie Herodowi... byli podeźrani ojcu]
References
- Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “bez”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 21
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “2. bez, beze”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “1. bez”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (isolated) /bɛs/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈbɛs/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛs
- Syllabification: bez
- Homophones: Bes, bez-
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Polish bez.
Noun
bez m inan
Declension
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Polish bez.
Preposition
bez [+genitive]
- without, lacking
- Antonym: z
- Proszę o kawę bez mleka. ― A coffee with no milk, please.
- (Middle Polish) minus, less
- (Middle Polish) contra, against
- (Middle Polish) besides, except
- (Middle Polish) without; Further details are uncertain.
- 1532, Bartłomiej z Bydgoszczy, Słownik łacińsko-polski, page 116b:
- extra placitum, besz voley, nad volyą
Alternative forms
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), bez is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 70 times in scientific texts, 52 times in news, 89 times in essays, 129 times in fiction, and 119 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 459 times, making it the 99th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
Etymology 3
Inherited from Old Polish bez.
Preposition
bez [+accusative]
- (Poznań) because of
- Synonym: z powodu
- (dialectal) across, through
- Synonym: przez
- 2000, Aneta Majkowska, Polszczyzna mówiona mieszkańców Częstochowy, page 185:
- Nie tu szosą tylko drogą polną bez pola my jechali z chłopem sąsiadki.
- We drove through the fields with the neighbor's man, not on the paved road, but on a dirt road.
Etymology 4
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
References
- Ida Kurcz (1990) “bez”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 21
Further reading
- bez in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- bez in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bez”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bez, beze, biez”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “BEZ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2016 November 9
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “bez”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “bez”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bez”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 119
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic без (bez), from Proto-Slavic *bez.
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez. Compare bez- and bes-.
Preposition
bèz (Cyrillic spelling бѐз) (+ genitive case)
- without, excluding, not counting
- bez sumnje ― without a doubt
- ostati bez nečega ― to lose something, to run out of something, (literally: to stay without something)
- bez obzira na.. ― regardless of.., no matter what..is
- bez kraja i konca ― endlessly, without end
- ne bez razloga ― not without a reason
- bez srca ― heartlessly, without a heart
- bez r(ij)eči ― without a word, speechless
- biti bez nečega ― to be lacking in, to be deficient in, to lack (literally: to be without something)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بز (bez), from Arabic بَزّ (bazz). Akin to bezistan, bezli, besofra and bespara.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bêz/
Noun
bȅz m (Cyrillic spelling бе̏з)
Declension
Silesian
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɛs/
- Rhymes: -ɛs
- Syllabification: bez
- Homophone: bes
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Polish bez.
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Polish bez.
Slovak
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɛs/
Further reading
- “bez”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Tatar
Turkish
Etymology 1
From Ottoman Turkish بز (bez); see there for more. The ultimate origin is Arabic بَزّ (bazz), however, an influence from Byzantine Greek βύσσος (bússos) has been postulated in order to explain the mismatch in the vowels.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbez/
- Hyphenation: bez
Declension
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | bez | |
Definite accusative | bezi | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | bez | bezler |
Definite accusative | bezi | bezleri |
Dative | beze | bezlere |
Locative | bezde | bezlerde |
Ablative | bezden | bezlerden |
Genitive | bezin | bezlerin |
Etymology 2
From Ottoman Turkish بز (bez), from Proto-Turkic *beŕ.
Cognate with Kazakh без (bez, “gland”), Karachay-Balkar без (bez, “gland”), Southern Altai бес (bes, “gland”), Uzbek bez (“gland”), Uyghur بەز (bez, “gland”), Turkmen mäz (“gland”), Bashkir биҙ (biź, “gland”), Tuvan бес (bes, “gland”), Chuvash пар (par, “gland”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbez/
- Hyphenation: bez
Declension
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | bez | |
Definite accusative | bezi | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | bez | bezler |
Definite accusative | bezi | bezleri |
Dative | beze | bezlere |
Locative | bezde | bezlerde |
Ablative | bezden | bezlerden |
Genitive | bezin | bezlerin |
References
- Vovin, Alexander (2018) “Fabrication of Turkic böz 'fabric' in Japan and Korea”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 71, number 3, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, pages 263–284.