affligo

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

From ad- +‎ flīgō (“strike down”).

Pronunciation

Verb

afflīgō (present infinitive afflīgere, perfect active afflīxī, supine afflīctum); third conjugation

  1. to strike, beat, dash (against); cast or throw down, prostrate
    Synonyms: ferio, tango, percutio, pello, discutio, pulsō, accido, percello, impingo, ico, verbero
  2. to afflict, damage, injure, crush, break or ruin
    Synonyms: afficiō, diruo, profligo, tollo, accido
  3. to humble, weaken or vex
  4. to overthrow
    Synonyms: prōflīgō, impellō, subvertō, pervertō, ēvertō, sternō, prōsternō, fundō, versō, vertō, dissipō

Conjugation
   Conjugation of afflīgō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present afflīgō afflīgis afflīgit afflīgimus afflīgitis afflīgunt
imperfect afflīgēbam afflīgēbās afflīgēbat afflīgēbāmus afflīgēbātis afflīgēbant
future afflīgam afflīgēs afflīget afflīgēmus afflīgētis afflīgent
perfect afflīxī afflīxistī afflīxit afflīximus afflīxistis afflīxērunt,
afflīxēre
pluperfect afflīxeram afflīxerās afflīxerat afflīxerāmus afflīxerātis afflīxerant
future perfect afflīxerō afflīxeris afflīxerit afflīxerimus afflīxeritis afflīxerint
sigmatic future1 afflīxō afflīxis afflīxit afflīximus afflīxitis afflīxint
passive present afflīgor afflīgeris,
afflīgere		 afflīgitur afflīgimur afflīgiminī afflīguntur
imperfect afflīgēbar afflīgēbāris,
afflīgēbāre		 afflīgēbātur afflīgēbāmur afflīgēbāminī afflīgēbantur
future afflīgar afflīgēris,
afflīgēre		 afflīgētur afflīgēmur afflīgēminī afflīgentur
perfect afflīctus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect afflīctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect afflīctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present afflīgam afflīgās afflīgat afflīgāmus afflīgātis afflīgant
imperfect afflīgerem afflīgerēs afflīgeret afflīgerēmus afflīgerētis afflīgerent
perfect afflīxerim afflīxerīs afflīxerit afflīxerīmus afflīxerītis afflīxerint
pluperfect afflīxissem afflīxissēs afflīxisset afflīxissēmus afflīxissētis afflīxissent
sigmatic aorist1 afflīxim afflīxīs afflīxīt afflīxīmus afflīxītis afflīxint
passive present afflīgar afflīgāris,
afflīgāre		 afflīgātur afflīgāmur afflīgāminī afflīgantur
imperfect afflīgerer afflīgerēris,
afflīgerēre		 afflīgerētur afflīgerēmur afflīgerēminī afflīgerentur
perfect afflīctus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect afflīctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — afflīge — — afflīgite —
future — afflīgitō afflīgitō — afflīgitōte afflīguntō
passive present — afflīgere — — afflīgiminī —
future — afflīgitor afflīgitor — — afflīguntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives afflīgere afflīxisse afflīctūrum esse afflīgī afflīctum esse afflīctum īrī
participles afflīgēns — afflīctūrus — afflīctus afflīgendus,
afflīgundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
afflīgendī afflīgendō afflīgendum afflīgendō afflīctum afflīctū

1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Derived terms

Descendants
  • → Catalan: afligir
  • → English: afflict
  • → French: affliger
  • → Galician: aflixir
  • → Italian: affliggere
  • → Portuguese: afligir
  • → Spanish: afligir

References
  • “affligo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • affligo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be the victim of misfortune: calamitatibus affligi
    • to bring a man to ruin; to destroy: aliquem affligere, perdere, pessumdare, in praeceps dare
    • their spirits are broken: animus frangitur, affligitur, percellitur, debilitatur
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