< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kosъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Per Derksen, probably from an earlier *kopsъ, related to Ancient Greek κόψιχος (kópsikhos), κόσσυφος (kóssuphos), although the variation in the Greek forms suggests a pre-Greek substratum word.

Noun

*kȍsъ m[1][2]

  1. blackbird
    Synonym: *drozdъ
Declension
Declension of *kȍsъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *kȍsъ *kȍsa *kȍsi
genitive *kȍsa *kosù *kòsъ
dative *kȍsu *kosomà *kosòmъ
accusative *kȍsъ *kȍsa *kȍsy
instrumental *kȍsъmь, *kȍsomь* *kosomà *kosý
locative *kȍsě *kosù *kosě̃xъ
vocative *kose *kȍsa *kȍsi
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
  • *kosovъ
    • ⇒ Serbo-Croatian: Kosovo, Косово (see there for further descendants)
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Russian: кос (kos) (archaic, dialectal)
    • Ukrainian: кіс (kis) (dialectal)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: kos
    • Polish: kos
    • Slovak: kos (dialectal)
    • Sorbian:
Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кос”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kosъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 175
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “кос¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 652

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kȏsъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 239: “m. o (c) ‘blackbird’”
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016) “kọ̑s²”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kȍsъ”

Etymology 2

Continues Proto-Indo-European *kosós (possibly Proto-Indo-European *kosús, based on the doublet *kosvenъ), from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scratch”) or depalatalized Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to castrate, to prune”).

Adjective

*kȍsъ[1][2]

  1. skew, slanted
    Synonym: *krivъ
    Antonym: *otъvěsьnъ
Declension
Indefinite declension of *kosъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kosъ *kosa *koso
genitive *kosa *kosy *kosa
dative *kosu *kosě *kosu
accusative *kosъ *kosǫ *koso
instrumental *kosomь *kosojǫ *kosomь
locative *kosě *kosě *kosě
vocative *kose *koso *koso
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kosa *kosě *kosě
genitive *kosu *kosu *kosu
dative *kosoma *kosama *kosoma
accusative *kosa *kosě *kosě
instrumental *kosoma *kosama *kosoma
locative *kosu *kosu *kosu
vocative *kosa *kosě *kosě
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kosi *kosy *kosa
genitive *kosъ *kosъ *kosъ
dative *kosomъ *kosamъ *kosomъ
accusative *kosy *kosy *kosa
instrumental *kosy *kosami *kosy
locative *kosěxъ *kosaxъ *kosěxъ
vocative *kosi *kosy *kosa
Definite declension of *kosъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kosъjь *kosaja *kosoje
genitive *kosajego *kosyję̇ *kosajego
dative *kosujemu *kosěji *kosujemu
accusative *kosъjь *kosǫjǫ *kosoje
instrumental *kosyjimь *kosǫjǫ *kosyjimь
locative *kosějemь *kosěji *kosějemь
vocative *kosъjь *kosaja *kosoje
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kosaja *kosěji *kosěji
genitive *kosuju *kosuju *kosuju
dative *kosyjima *kosyjima *kosyjima
accusative *kosaja *kosěji *kosěji
instrumental *kosyjima *kosyjima *kosyjima
locative *kosuju *kosuju *kosuju
vocative *kosaja *kosěji *kosěji
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kosiji *kosyję̇ *kosaja
genitive *kosъjixъ *kosъjixъ *kosъjixъ
dative *kosyjimъ *kosyjimъ *kosyjimъ
accusative *kosyję̇ *kosyję̇ *kosaja
instrumental *kosyjimi *kosyjimi *kosyjimi
locative *kosyjixъ *kosyjixъ *kosyjixъ
vocative *kosiji *kosyję̇ *kosaja
  • *česati (“to scratch, to comb”)
  • *kosa (“scythe”)
  • *kasati (“to tort, to concern”)
  • *kosъkъ (“slightly tilted, out of balance”)
  • *kosьnъ (“curved, tilted”)
Derived terms
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: косъ (kosŭ)
      Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱄⱏ (kosŭ)
    • Bulgarian: ко́с (kós)
    • Macedonian: кос (kos)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ко̑с
      Latin script: kȏs
    • Slovene: kọ̑s (tonal orthography) (archaic)
  • West Slavic:
Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “косо́й”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kosъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 177
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “кос²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 652

References
  1. Olander, Thomas (2001) “kosъ kosa koso”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c skæv (PR 138)”
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016) “kọ̑s³”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kȍsъ”
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