< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/děti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁ti, from *dʰeh₁- (“do; put”).

Verb

*děti impf (perfective *děnǫti or *děvati)[1][2]

  1. (transitive) to do
  2. (ditransitive) to put, to place
    → to put on (clothes)
  3. (transitive) to thread, to hitch, to process
  4. (reflexive) to happen
Alternative forms
Conjugation
Conjugation of *děti, *dě, *deďetь (perf., -unknown-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*dětьje *děti *dětъ *dělъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *dětъ —
Active *děvъ —
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *děxъ*dě*dě *deďǫ*deďeši*deďetь
Dual *děxově*děsta*děste *deďevě*deďeta*deďete
Plural *děxomъ*děste*děšę *deďemъ*deďete*deďǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular ——— —*deďi*deďi
Dual ——— *deďivě*deďita—
Plural ——— *deďimъ*deďite—
    Notes:
  • In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Conjugation of *děti, *dě, *děnetь (perf., -V/n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*dětьje *děti *dětъ *dělъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *dětъ —
Active *děvъ —
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *děxъ*dě*dě *děnǫ*děneši*děnetь
Dual *děxově*děsta*děste *děnevě*děneta*děnete
Plural *děxomъ*děste*děšę *děnemъ*děnete*děnǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular ——— —*děni*děni
Dual ——— *děněvě*děněta—
Plural ——— *děněmъ*děněte—
    Notes:
  • In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Conjugation of *děti, *dě, *dějetь (?, -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*dětьje *děti *dětъ *dělъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *dětъ *dějemъ
Active *děvъ *děję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *děxъ*dě*dě *dějǫ*děješi*dějetь
Dual *děxově*děsta*děste *dějevě*dějeta*dějete
Plural *děxomъ*děste*děšę *dějemъ*dějete*dějǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *děaxъ*děaše*děaše —*ději*ději
Dual *děaxově*děašeta*děašete *dějivě*dějita—
Plural *děaxomъ*děašete*děaxǫ *dějimъ*dějite—
Derived terms
  • *jьzdě(ja)ti
  • *nadě(ja)ti
  • *odě(ja)ti
  • *perdě(ja)ti (“to find a way to do”)
  • *podě(ja)ti (“to go away”)
    • *sъpodě(ja)ti (“to anticipate”)
  • *podъdě(ja)ti (“to undertake”)
  • *sъdě(ja)ti
  • *zadě(ja)ti
  • *děkati (“to urge, to make (s.o.) to do”), *děkovati (“to joke around”)
  • *dějь(inъ) (“agent, doer”)
  • *dějьcь (“activist”)
    • *bolgodějьcь (“benefactor”)
  • *dětь (“deed”)
  • *dějьstvo, *dějьstvьje (“action”)
    • *dějьstvati, *dějьstvovati (“to take action”)
  • *dělo (“act, work”)
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: дзець (dzjecʹ)
    • Russian: деть (detʹ)
    • Ukrainian: ді́ти (díty)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: dieti
    • Old Polish: dziać, dzieć, dziejać
    • Old Slovak: diať
      • Slovak: diať
    • Pomeranian:
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: dźeć
      • Lower Sorbian: źaś

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “деть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “-детый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*dě(ja)ti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 229
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*děnь/*děnьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 12
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дея”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 351
  • Anikin, A. E. (2019) “деть”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 13 (два – дигло), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 302
  • Anikin, A. E. (2019) “-дет”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 13 (два – дигло), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 286
  • Anikin, A. E. (2019) “деница”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 13 (два – дигло), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 200

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*děti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 104: “v. ‘do, say’”
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016) “dẹti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *dě̋ti, sed. *dě̋nǫ (star. *ded'ǫ)”

Etymology 2

See *dětь.

Noun

*děti f[1][2]

  1. children (plural of *dětь)
    Synonym: *dětьca
Usage notes

May have functioned as a plurale tantum in Proto-Slavic, with the singular handled by *dětę.

Declension
Declension of *dě̑ti (i-stem, accent paradigm c, plural only)
plural
nominative *dě̑ti
genitive *dětь̀jь
dative *dě̑tьmъ
accusative *dě̑ti
instrumental *dětьmì
locative *dě̑tьxъ
vocative *dě̑ti
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*děti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 14

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*děti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 104: “Npl. f. ‘children’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “děti”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “f.pl.tant. c children (PR 138)”
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