< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-čь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms
  • *-ačь (when verb ending in -a-)
  • *-ičь (when verb ending in -i-)

Etymology

Underlyingly reflecting Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kias, *-kis, from Proto-Indo-European *-k-yos, formed by agglutination of *-yos (Proto Slavic *-jь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ias) onto the element *-kъ.

Cognate with Lithuanian -kis and Latvian -ķis.

Suffix

*-čь m

  1. Deverbal, forming agent nouns.
    Synonyms: *-teľь, *-ьcь, *-ьnikъ
    *kopati (“to dig”) → *kopačь (“digger”)
    *kovati (“to forge”) → *kovačь (“smith, blacksmith”)
    *běgati (“to run”) → *běgačь (“runner”)
    *jьgrati (“to play”) → *jьgračь (“player”)
    *vьrati (“to lie”) → *vьračь (“sorcerer, soothsayer, charlatan”)
    *pogoniti (“to pursue, observe”) → *pogoničь (“drover”)
    *roditi (“to give birth”) → *rodičь (“father”)
    *voditi (“to lead”) → *vodičь (“leader”)
    *badati\*bodati or *bodti > *bosti (“to sting, stab, butt”) → *bodačь (“that which stings, stabs, butts”)
  2. Deverbal, forming nomina instrumenti.
    Synonym: *-dlo
    *biti (“to beat”) → *bičь (“whip”)
    *briti (“to shave, cut hair/beard”) → *bričь (“cutting tool, razor”)

Declension
Declension of *-čь (soft o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *-čь *-ča *-či
genitive *-ča *-ču *-čь
dative *-ču *-čema *-čemъ
accusative *-čь *-ča *-čę̇
instrumental *-čьmь, *-čemь* *-čema *-či
locative *-či *-ču *-čixъ
vocative *-ču *-ča *-či
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

See also

Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-čь

Usage notes
  • Used on verbs whose stem ends on vowels: -i-, -a- (-a- or -a/j- or -a/V-), (rarely) -ě-, (rarely) -V-

Descendants
  • After the loss of word-final jer, daughter languages have reinterpreted the thematic ending of the verb -i- and -a- as a part of the suffix itself.
  • In most of the daughters *-ačь merged with the reflex of *-čь which was preceded by the thematic vowel -a.
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -чь (-čĭ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Church Slavonic: -чь (-čĭ), -ачь (-ačĭ)
      Old Church Slavonic: -ⱍⱐ (-čĭ), -ⰰⱍⱐ (-ačĭ)
    • Bulgarian: -ач (-ač); -ич (-ič) (rare)
    • Macedonian: -ич (-ič), -ач (-ač)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Serbo-Croatian: -ич, -ач
      Serbo-Croatian: -ič, -ač
    • Slovene: -ič, -ȉč, -áč (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

References
  • Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
  • Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*-čь”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 102
  • Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 68
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