Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žezlъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Uncertain. Potential etymologies include:

Trubachev, Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *geǵʰlós (with oxytone accent on the last syllable), cognate with Old High German kegil (“stake”).
Snoj: From Proto-Indo-European *gʷislóm, cognate with Old Armenian ճիւղ (čiwł, “branch, twig”), possibly Old Norse kvísl (“fork”) (which however exhibits long -ī-) and akin to Proto-Slavic *žila (“sinew”), Proto-Slavic *žica (“thread”). Within this hypothesis, -z- in Slavic is problematic.
Mladenov, Georgiev: From an earlier Proto-Slavic *žeglъ (“branding needle, rod”), the l-participle of Proto-Slavic *žegti (“to heat up, to burn”), with assimilation of *-g- > *-z- (or -ž- in Serbo-Croatian) next to *ž-. Such an etymon still survives in Modern Bulgarian жегъл (žegǎl).

Noun

*žèzlъ n[1][2][3]

stick, staff, rod
Synonyms: *palъka, *prǫtъ

Alternative forms

*žьzlъ, *žьzlь (probably with a rise of -e- in pretonic syllable, prior of Dybo's law)
*žezlò n

Inflection

Declension of *žèzlъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*žèzlъ	*žezlà	*žezlì
genitive	*žezlà	*žezlù	*žèzlъ
dative	*žezlù	*žezlòma	*žezlòmъ
accusative	*žèzlъ	*žezlà	*žezlỳ
instrumental	žezlъ̀mь, žezlòmь^*	*žezlòma	*žèzly
locative	*žezlě̀	*žezlù	*žèzlěxъ
vocative	*žezle	*žezlà	*žezlì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

*žigъ (“brand”) (possibly)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Russian: жезл (žezl), жезе́л (žezél) (folkloric, rare)
  - → Latvian: zizls (“stick”)
- Ukrainian: жезл (žezl)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: жьзлъ (žĭzlŭ)
  - ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: жьзлиѥ (žĭzlije)
- Bulgarian: же́зъл (žézǎl)
- Macedonian: жезол (žezol)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: же́жељ, жѐзло
  
  Latin script: žéželj, žèzlo
West Slavic:
- Czech: žezlo
  - → Belarusian: жазло́ (žazló)
  - → Slovene: žézlo
- Slovak: žezlo

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žezlъ; *žьzlъ; *žezlò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 25: “m. o; m. o; n. o (b) ‘stick, staff’”
Olander, Thomas (2001) “žezlъ žezla (sek. žezlo)”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (NA 114); b/c (PR 134, 137) rod”
Snoj, Marko (2016) “žézlo”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*žьzlȍ, *žьzlъ̏, *žьzlь”

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[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žezlъ; *žьzlъ; *žezlò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 25: “m. o; m. o; n. o (b) ‘stick, staff’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “žezlъ žezla (sek. žezlo)”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (NA 114); b/c (PR 134, 137) rod”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016) “žézlo”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*žьzlȍ, *žьzlъ̏, *žьzlь”