< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žeťi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *gegti, reflecting an irregular change *d > *g from *degti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *degtéi, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰégʷʰeti. Cognate with Lithuanian dègti, Latvian degt, Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰáǰʰati, Albanian djeg.

The assimilation *d-g- > *g-g- in Slavic probably have spread from the 0-grade forms, which created a similar environment to the so-called thorn clusters in Proto-Indo-European. Compare the descendants of Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to dwindle, to perish”).

Verb

*žeťì impf (perfective *žegnǫti)[1][2][3][4]

  1. (transitive) to burn
  2. to heat up

Alternative forms

Conjugation
Conjugation of *žeťi, *žeže, *žьžetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*žeženьje *žeťi *žeťь *žeglъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *žeženъ *žьgomъ
Active *žegъ *žьgy
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *žeg(ox)ъ*žeže*žeže *žьgǫ*žьžeši*žьžetь
Dual *žeg(ox)ově*žeg(e/os)ta*žeg(e/os)te *žьževě*žьžeta*žьžete
Plural *žeg(ox)omъ*žeg(e/os)te*žegǫ, *žegošę *žьžemъ*žьžete*žьgǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *žьžaaxъ*žьžaaše*žьžaaše —*žьdzi*žьdzi
Dual *žьžaaxově*žьžaašeta*žьžaašete *žьdzěvě*žьdzěta—
Plural *žьžaaxomъ*žьžaašete*žьžaaxǫ *žьdzěmъ*žьdzěte—
Conjugation of *žeťi, *žeže, *žežetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*žeženьje *žeťi *žeťь *žeglъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *žeženъ *žegomъ
Active *žegъ *žegy
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *žeg(ox)ъ*žeže*žeže *žegǫ*žežeši*žežetь
Dual *žeg(ox)ově*žeg(e/os)ta*žeg(e/os)te *žeževě*žežeta*žežete
Plural *žeg(ox)omъ*žeg(e/os)te*žegǫ, *žegošę *žežemъ*žežete*žegǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *žežaaxъ*žežaaše*žežaaše —*žьdzi*žьdzi
Dual *žežaaxově*žežaašeta*žežaašete *žьdzěvě*žьdzěta—
Plural *žežaaxomъ*žežaašete*žežaaxǫ *žьdzěmъ*žьdzěte—
Conjugation of *žeťi, *žeže, *žežetь (impf., -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*žeženьje *žeťi *žeťь *žeglъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *žeženъ *žegomъ
Active *žegъ *žegy
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *žaxъ*žeže*žeže *žegǫ*žežeši*žežetь
Dual *žaxově*žasta*žaste *žeževě*žežeta*žežete
Plural *žaxomъ*žaste*žašę *žežemъ*žežete*žegǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *žežaaxъ*žežaaše*žežaaše —*žьdzi*žьdzi
Dual *žežaaxově*žežaašeta*žežaašete *žьdzěvě*žьdzěta—
Plural *žežaaxomъ*žežaašete*žežaaxǫ *žьdzěmъ*žьdzěte—

Derived terms
  • *žežiti (“to heat, to warm up to incandescence”)
  • *žьgovati (“to brand, to burn”)
  • *žigъ (“burn mark, brand”)
  • *žežьkъ (“hot, torrid, incandescent”)
  • *žega (“heat, swelter”)
  • *žestokъ (“cruel”) (probably)
  • *žestostь (“cruelty”) (probably)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: джгаць (džhacʹ)
    • Russian: жечь (žečʹ)
    • Ukrainian: жегчи́ (žehčý) (dated), жегти́ (žehtý) (dated)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: жещи (žešti) (both 1p. sg. pres. жегѫ (žegǫ) and жьгѫ (žĭgǫ) are attested)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: жежа́ (žežá), dial. же́гам (žégam)
    • Macedonian: жеже (žeže)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: жѐћи
      Latin script: žèći
    • Slovene: žgáti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “żec”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 663-664
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жгу”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “жечь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 301
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жег”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 529

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žegti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 554: “v. (c) ‘burn’”
  2. Derksen, Rick (2015) “degti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 119: “*žegtì v. (c) ‘burn’”
  3. Olander, Thomas (2001) “žegti: žegǫ (žьgǫ) žežetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c brænde (PR 139)”
  4. Snoj, Marko (2016) “žgáti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*žet'i̋”
  5. Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “žhnout”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 818
  6. žíci in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
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