< Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic

Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/wo

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Etymology 1

Possibly related to *we (“man”) and *wi (“boar”).

Noun

*wo

  1. man; male
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 男 (wo, “man”)
    • Japanese: 男 (o) (in compounds)
  • Old Japanese: 雄 (wo, “male”)
    • Japanese: 雄 (o) (in compounds)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *wo (“male”)
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • ⇒ Kunigami: 雄物 (wūmun)
      • Northern Amami-Oshima: 雄 (wū)
      • ⇒ Okinawan: 雄物 (wūmun)
      • ⇒ Southern Amami-Oshima: 雄物 (wūmun)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • ⇒ Yonaguni: 雄節 (ūbushi)

Pronunciation
  • Accent class: 2.1

Noun

*wo

  1. cord

Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 緒 (wo)
    • Japanese: 緒 (o, Heian HH, Tokyo 1 [H(L)], Kyoto 1 [LH ~ LL(H)] (ZAJ)/0 [HH(H)] (NKD2), Kagoshima A [F(L)] (perhaps accent irregularity is influenced by Japanese 尾 (o, “tail”)?)[1][2])
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *wo
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kikai: 緒 (wū, ū, gū)
      • Kunigami: 緒 (wū /⁠wúː⁠/)
      • Northern Amami-Oshima: 緒 (wū, in compounds)
      • Okinawan: 緒 (wū /⁠wûː⁠/)
      • Southern Amami-Oshima: 緒 (wu /⁠wùˑ⁠/)
      • Yoron: 緒 (pū /⁠pùː⁠/)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 緒 (bū)
      • Yaeyama: 緒 (bū /⁠bûː⁠/)
      • Yonaguni: 緒 (bū /⁠búː⁠/)

Particle

*wo

  1. accusative marker
  2. away from, off
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: を (wo)
    • Japanese: を (o)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *wo
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Okinawan: ゆ (yu) (archaic, literary)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: う (u), ゆ (yu)
      • Yaeyama: ゆ (yu) (literary)

References
  1. “お［を］ 【緒】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  2. Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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