< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/ráwčah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwčas.

Noun

*ráwčah n[1][2][3][4][5]

  1. light
  2. day

Derived terms
  • *ráwčikah (“of day, daily; sustenance, daily bread”)
  • *ráwčakah (“of day; fasting”)
  • *ráwčākah (“lightning; morning star”)
    • Northwestern Iranian:
      • Mazanderani: روجا (rūjā, “Venus”)
      • Gilaki: روجا (rujā, “morning star, Venus”)
    • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠rōzāg⁠/, “lightning”)
        Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwcʼk')

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Old Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬂 (raocå, nom.acc.pl.), 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬇𐬠𐬍𐬱 (raocə̄bīš, instr.pl.)
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬇𐬠𐬌𐬌𐬋 (raocə̄biiō, dat.abl.pl.), 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬇𐬠𐬍𐬱 (raocə̄bīš, instr.pl.)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: ρωσο (rōso /⁠rōts⁠/)
      • Proto-Sogdic:
        • Sogdian:
          Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫇𐫝 (rwc)
          Sogdian script: 𐽀𐼴𐼿 (rwc)
        • Yagnobi: ruz
    • Wakhi: [script needed] (rawǰ)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
      • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (roz), [script needed] (rōz)
      • Sanglechi: [script needed] (rōz)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
      • Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
        • Sarikoli: [script needed] (rūz)
        • Shughni: rūz
    • Ormuri-Parachi:
      • Ormuri:
        Kaniguram: [script needed] (ryoz)
        Logar: [script needed] (rọ̄ž)
      • Parachi: [script needed] (ruč), [script needed] (rūč)
    • Pathan:
      • Pashto:
        Pashto: روځ (rwaź)
        Waziri: ورځ (wrǝz)
      • Waneci: [script needed] (wrez)
      • →? Ormuri: [script needed] (wriez), [script needed] (wrioz)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: روچ (rōč)
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: ڕۆژ (roj)
      Northern Kurdish: roj, ro
      Southern Kurdish: ڕووژ (rûj)
      Laki: ڕووژ (rûj)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
      • Caspian:
      • Sangisari: روژ (ruj)
      • Old Median: *rauǰah
        • Middle Median: *rṓž
          • Kermanic:
            Abuzeydabadi, Abyanehi, Bidhandi, Chimehi, Zoroastrian Dari, Delijani, Farizandi, Hanjani, Jowshaqani, Komjani, Meymehi, Qohrudi, Tarehi, Varani, Yarandi, Zori: rū
            Abuzeydabadi, Badrudi, Kashani, Naraqi: rūj
            Anaraki: rūš
          • Proto-Tatic:
            • Talysh:
              Central Talysh:
              Asalemi, Karganrudi: روج (ruj)
              Northern Talysh: rüj
              Southern Talysh:
              Masali: روز (ruz)
              Masulei: روز (roz)
            • Old Tati:
              Old Azari: روژ (rōž)
              • Harzani: رو (ru)
              • Karingani: روژ (rüž)
      • Parthian: 𐫡𐫇𐫝 (rwc /⁠rōž⁠/), 𐫡𐫇𐫊 (rwž)
      • Zaza-Gurani:
        • Gurani: ڕۆ (řō), ڕۆجیار (řōǰyār)
        • Zazaki: roce (řōǰa), roje (řōža), roze (řōza)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Bashkardi:
      Bandari: روز (rüz)
    • Southwestern Fars:
      Judeo-Shirazi: [script needed] (rez)
    • Larestani: [script needed] (rüz), [script needed] (rozá)
    • Old Persian: 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐏃 (r-u-c-h /⁠raučah⁠/)
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠rōz⁠/, “day”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫇𐫝 (rwc), 𐫡𐫇𐫉 (rwz)
        Book Pahlavi script: 𐮹𐮵𐮿 (YWM)
        Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (YWM), 𐭫𐭥𐭰 (lwc)
        Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮈𐮅𐮋 (YWM), 𐮊𐮅𐮍𐮎𐮈 (lwspy /⁠rōsp⁠/)
        • → Sogdian: [Term?] (/⁠rōč⁠/)
          Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫇𐫝 (rwc)
          Syriac script: ܪܘܨ (rwc)
        • Classical Persian: روز (rōz)

References
  1. Efimov, Valentin Aleksandrovič (2011) The Ormuri Language in Past and Present (FLI Language and Culture Series)‎, volume 6, Islamabad: Forum for Language Initiatives, page 6
  2. Cheung, Johnny (2011) Selected Pashto Problems II. Historical Phonology 1: On Vocalism and Etyma (Iran and the Caucasus)‎, volume 15, numbers 1-2, Brill Academic Publishers, page 184
  3. Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 71
  4. Rüdiger, Schmitt (2000) Die iranischen Sprachen in Geschichte und Gegenwart [The Iranian Languages Past and Present] (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, page 104
  5. Cantera, Alberto (2017) “The phonology of Iranian”, in Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics, volume 1, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, VI. Iranian, page 3
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