< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kanH-

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology 1

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kenh₂- (to be pleased, enjoy), infixed nasal stem of *keh₂- (to like, wish).

Root

*kanH- or *čanH-

  1. to love, take pleasure in
Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kanH-
  • Proto-Iranian: *kanH-, *čanH- / *činH-
    • Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬥- (kan-, to love, take pleasure in)
    • Shughni: чу̊н (čū̊n, please; I swear) (the existence of this word is uncertain)
Derived terms
  • *kanHati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kanHati
      • Sanskrit: कनति (kanati, to be pleased with, enjoy)
  • *čánHas (deverbative noun)
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćánHas
      • Sanskrit: चनस् (cánas, delight, satisfaction)
    • Proto-Iranian: *čínHah, *čánHah
      • Avestan: -𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬵- (-cinah-), -𐬗𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬵- (-canah-, desire, affection), in the compounds 𐬀𐬱𐬀-𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬵- (aša-cinah-, attached to aša), 𐬥𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬌-𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬵- (iri-cinah-, desiring a woman/women), 𐬴𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬋-𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬵- (ṣ̌aētō-cinah-, desiring money), 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀-𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀- (haoma-cina-, desiring haoma), etc.
      • Old Persian: 𐎨𐎴𐏃 (c-n-h /⁠canah-⁠/, desire), in the compound 𐎠𐎿𐎱𐎨𐎴𐎠 (a-s-p-c-n-a /⁠Aspacanāʰ⁠/, a male given name, literally lover of horses) (see there for further descendants)
      • Parthian:
        Manichaean: [Manichaean needed] (šʾdcn /⁠šād-čan, šād-žan⁠/, happy, glad)
      • Sogdian: [script needed] (-cn /⁠-čan⁠/, a morpheme forming future participles; a suffix with the meaning “inclined to; belonging to”), [script needed] (pʾšcn /⁠pāš-čan⁠/, showing reverence)
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (dirsū-jsinä, wishing to see), [script needed] (daṃjanai, building)*dama-čana-ka- (literally connected with the building)
      • Ossetian:
        Iron: -дзинад (-ʒinad, abstract suffix); -дзӕн (-ʒæn), -дзын (-ʒyn, future tense marker)
        Digor: -дзийнадӕ (-ʒijnadæ, abstract suffix); -дзин (-ʒin, future tense marker)
      • → Old Armenian: -ճան (-čan)
      • ? Proto-Iranian: *čanHadāru (literally auspicious tree)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Sanskrit: चकान (cakāná), चाकन (cākana)
    • Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬬- (cinv-), 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬀𐬥- (cakan-), 𐬗𐬁𐬑𐬥- (cāxn-), -𐬐𐬁𐬙𐬀- (-kāta-), 𐬐𐬁𐬚𐬉 (kāθē)
Usage notes

Cheung remarks that the nominal derivative *čánHah has become a suffix of "wish" in several languages, semantically comparable to Ancient Greek -φιλος (-philos, -phile).

References

  • Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) “*čan- / *čin-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 217–218
  • Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) “*³kan- : *čan- / *čin-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 216–217
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 233f
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 296f, 528
  • Martirosyan, Hrach (2014) “Armenian čandari ‘plane tree’”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 18, number 1, pages 51–63

Etymology 2

A root of unclear origin, possibly from a root Proto-Indo-European *kenh₁- (to dig); tentatively cognate with Phrygian [script needed] (keneman, a monument or a part of it).[1][2][3][4] The unetymological aspiration of the Sanskrit descendants is perhaps from analogy with another word with similar phonetics and semantics, usually assumed to be खा (khā, source, spring).[1]

Root

*kanH- or *čanH-

  1. to dig, destroy
Derived terms

References

  1. Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 232-3
  2. Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 199-200
  3. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 445-6
  4. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “khani”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 275–276
  5. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 252
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