< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kanH-
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology 1
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kenh₂- (“to be pleased, enjoy”), infixed nasal stem of *keh₂- (“to like, wish”).
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kanH-
- Sanskrit: कन् (kan)
- Proto-Iranian: *kanH-, *čanH- / *činH-
- Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬥- (kan-, “to love, take pleasure in”)
- Shughni: чу̊н (čū̊n, “please; I swear”) (the existence of this word is uncertain)
Derived terms
- *kanHati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kanHati
- Sanskrit: कनति (kanati, “to be pleased with, enjoy”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kanHati
- *čánHas (deverbative noun)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćánHas
- Sanskrit: चनस् (cánas, “delight, satisfaction”)
- Proto-Iranian: *čínHah, *čánHah
- Avestan: -𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬵- (-cinah-), -𐬗𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬵- (-canah-, “desire, affection”), in the compounds 𐬀𐬱𐬀-𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬵- (aša-cinah-, “attached to aša”), 𐬥𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬌-𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬵- (nāiri-cinah-, “desiring a woman/women”), 𐬴𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬋-𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬵- (ṣ̌aētō-cinah-, “desiring money”), 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀-𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀- (haoma-cina-, “desiring haoma”), etc.
- Old Persian: 𐎨𐎴𐏃 (c-n-h /canah-/, “desire”), in the compound 𐎠𐎿𐎱𐎨𐎴𐎠 (a-s-p-c-n-a /Aspacanāʰ/, “a male given name”, literally “lover of horses”) (see there for further descendants)
- Parthian:
- Manichaean: [Manichaean needed] (šʾdcn /šād-čan, šād-žan/, “happy, glad”)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (-cn /-čan/, “a morpheme forming future participles; a suffix with the meaning “inclined to; belonging to””), [script needed] (pʾšcn /pāš-čan/, “showing reverence”)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (dirsū-jsinä, “wishing to see”), [script needed] (daṃjanai, “building”) ← *dama-čana-ka- (literally “connected with the building”)
- Ossetian:
- → Old Armenian: -ճան (-čan)
- ⇒? Proto-Iranian: *čanHadāru (literally “auspicious tree”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćánHas
- Unsorted formations:
- Sanskrit: चकान (cakāná), चाकन (cākana)
- Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬬- (cinv-), 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬀𐬥- (cakan-), 𐬗𐬁𐬑𐬥- (cāxn-), -𐬐𐬁𐬙𐬀- (-kāta-), 𐬐𐬁𐬚𐬉 (kāθē)
Usage notes
Cheung remarks that the nominal derivative *čánHah has become a suffix of "wish" in several languages, semantically comparable to Ancient Greek -φιλος (-philos, “-phile”).
References
- Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) “*čan- / *čin-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 217–218
- Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) “*³kan- : *čan- / *čin-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 216–217
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 233f
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 296f, 528
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2014) “Armenian čandari ‘plane tree’”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 18, number 1, pages 51–63
Etymology 2
A root of unclear origin, possibly from a root Proto-Indo-European *kenh₁- (“to dig”); tentatively cognate with Phrygian [script needed] (keneman, “a monument or a part of it”).[1][2][3][4] The unetymological aspiration of the Sanskrit descendants is perhaps from analogy with another word with similar phonetics and semantics, usually assumed to be खा (khā, “source, spring”).[1]
Derived terms
References
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 232-3
- Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 199-200
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 445-6
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “khani”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 275–276
- Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 252
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