< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/úštras
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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
Uncertain; possibly:
- from Proto-Indo-European *úǵtr-o-s, from *uǵ-tḗr ~ *uǵ-trés + *-os, from *weǵ- (“to increase; to be strong”) + *-tḗr,[1]
- from Proto-Indo-European *ústr-o-s, from *us-tḗr ~ *us-trés (“inseminator”) + *-os, from *wes- (“wet, damp”) + *-tḗr,[2]
- or borrowed from a substrate language,[3][4] perhaps via Proto-Indo-European *ūsros (“aurochs”), compare Proto-Germanic *ūraz (“aurochs”).[5]
Declension
| masculine a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *úštras | *úštrā | *úštrā, -ās(as) |
| vocative | *úštra | *úštrā | *úštrā, -ās(as) |
| accusative | *úštram | *úštrā | *úštrāns |
| instrumental | *úštrā | *úštraybʰyaH, -ābʰyām | *úštrāyš |
| ablative | *úštrāt | *úštraybʰyaH, -ābʰyām | *úštraybʰyas |
| dative | *úštrāy | *úštraybʰyaH, -ābʰyām | *úštraybʰyas |
| genitive | *úštrasya | *úštrayās | *úštrāna(H)m |
| locative | *úštray | *úštrayaw | *úštrayšu |
References
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “ústra-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 237-238
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “3. u̯es-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 3. u̯es- of 1171-1173
- Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations, Helsinki
- Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1948
- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 140
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