< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wes-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂wes-
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

Root

*wes- (imperfective)[1][2][3][4][5][6]

  1. to dress, clothe
Descendants
  • Anatolian:
    • Hittite: [script needed] (waš-)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *was-
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *was-
    • Proto-Iranian: *wah- (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *wäs-
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wes- (dress)‎ (16 c, 0 e)
  • *wés-e-ti (thematic present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wásati
      • Proto-Iranian: *wáhati
        • Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vaŋhaiti)
  • *wés-tor ~ *wés-ror (deponent athematic Narten root present)
  • *wes-néw- ~ *wes-nu- (nu-present)
    • Armenian:
    • Proto-Hellenic: *wehnūmi
      • Ancient Greek: ἕννῡμῐ (hénnūmi)
        Ionic Greek: εἵνῡμῐ (heínūmi)
  • *wos-éye-ti (causative)
  • *wés-h₂nos
    • Proto-Hellenic: *wéhanos
      • Ancient Greek: ἑᾰνός (heanós), εἱᾰνός (heianós) (verse-initially), ἑᾱνός (heānós) (later)
      • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀸𐁀𐀜𐀂 (we-ha-no-i /⁠wehanoiʰi⁠/, dat.pl.)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wásanas
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wásanas
        • Sanskrit: वसन (vásana)
      • Proto-Iranian: *wáhanah
        • Younger Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬥𐬀 (vaŋhana)
  • *wés-m̥h₁nos (present middle participle of *wéstor)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *wéhmenos
      • Ancient Greek: εἱμένος (heiménos)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wásaHnas
      • Proto-Iranian: *wáhaHnah
        • Younger Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬁𐬥𐬀 (vaŋhāna)
  • *wés-mn̥
    • Proto-Hellenic: *wéhmə
      • Ancient Greek: εἷμα (heîma), εἵματα (heímata, “clothes”)
        Aeolic Greek: ἔμμα (émma)
        Cretan Greek: ϝῆμα (wêma)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wásma
  • *wés-tis ~ *us-téy-s (see there for further descendants)
  • *wés-trom
    • Germanic:
      • Middle High German: wester (“christening dress”)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *wéstrā
      • Doric Greek: ϝέστρᾱ (wéstrā)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wástram (see there for further descendants)
  • *wés-tus
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Armenian:
    • Hellenic:

Etymology 2

Root

*wes- (imperfective)[7][8][9]

  1. to graze, consume, eat
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wes- (graze)‎ (4 c, 0 e)
  • *wḗs-ti (acrodynamic present)
    • Latin: vēscor (“to nourish oneself”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Hittite: wesiyattari (“grazes”)
    • Proto-Germanic: *wesaną (“to consume, feast”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *wes-teh₂-
    • Proto-Celtic: *westā (“food, feast”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *wes-ti-
    • Proto-Germanic: *wistiz (“provisions, food”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *wes-ri-
    • Tocharian A: wäsri (“pasture”)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Hittite: wēsi- (“meadow”)
    • Hittite: wastara- (“herdsman”)
    • Avestan: 𐬬𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭 (vāstar, “herdsman”)[10]
    • Avestan: 𐬬𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬭𐬀 (vāstra, “pasture”)
    • Proto-Germanic: *wisundz (“bison”)

Etymology 3

Root

*wes-[11][12][13]

  1. to sell
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wes- (sell)‎ (3 c, 0 e)
  • *wés-ti ~ *us-énti (athematic root present)
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠u̯a-a-ši⁠/)
  • *we-wós-e ~ *we-wus-ḗr (perfect)[11]
    • Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠wāsi⁠/)
  • *wós-n̥ ~ *us-né-s (“sale; price”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *wes-ó-s (“selling, trade”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wasás
      • Proto-Iranian: *waháh
        • Khotanese: 𑀩𑀳𑁄𑀬𑁆𑀲𑀦 (bahoysana)
        • Middle Persian: [Term?] (/⁠wahāg⁠/)
        • Ossetian: уӕй (wæj)
        • Sogdian: [Term?] (/⁠xwʾqr⁠/, “merchant”)
        • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *wahá-čāra- (“market”) (with *kʷel- (“to walk”))
          • Gilaki: واجار (vājār, “open market, bazaar”)
          • Mazanderani: واجار (vājār)
          • Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾčʾl /⁠wāzār⁠/)
            • Persian: بازار (bâzâr) (see there for further descendants)
Descendants

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vestis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 671-672
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “u̯es”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1172-1173
  4. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *u̯es-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 692-693
  5. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἕννυμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 428-429
  6. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἑᾰνός 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 366
  7. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3. *u̯es-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 693-694
  8. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vēscor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  9. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1171
  10. Beekes, Robert S. P. (1988) A Grammar of Gatha-Avestan, volume 1, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 80
  11. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*u̯es-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 693
  12. Weeks, David Michael (2006) Hittite Vocabulary: An Anatolian Appendix to Buck’s Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages. A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Indo-European Studies‎, Los Angeles, page 78
  13. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 981
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