< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sitjaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *sédyeti, from the root *sed- (“to sit”). Formal cognate with Ancient Greek ἕζομαι (hézomai).
Reconstruction
There is dialectal variation with and without the *j, the reason for which is disputed. An alternative reconstruction assumes pre-Germanic *sed-éi-ti ~ *sed-i-énti.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsit.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *sitjaną (strong class 5 j-present)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *sitjō | *sitjaų | — | *sitjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *sitisi | *sitjais | *siti | *sitjasai | *sitjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *sitiþi | *sitjai | *sitjaþau | *sitjaþai | *sitjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *sitjōs | *sitjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *sitjaþiz | *sitjaiþiz | *sitjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *sitjamaz | *sitjaim | — | *sitjanþai | *sitjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *sitiþ | *sitjaiþ | *sitiþ | *sitjanþai | *sitjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *sitjanþi | *sitjain | *sitjanþau | *sitjanþai | *sitjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *sat | *sētį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *sast | *sētīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *sat | *sētī | |||
| 1st dual | *sētū | *sētīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *sētudiz | *sētīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *sētum | *sētīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *sētud | *sētīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *sētun | *sētīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *sitjandz | *setanaz | |||
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *sittjan
- Old Norse: sitja
- Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (sitan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*set(j)an-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 434
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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