< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwerbaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from Pre-Germanic *kʷerp-, in which case the original form would have been *hwerfaną. If so, then it might be related to Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxʷer.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hwerbaną[1][2]

  1. to turn; turn around
  2. to move; move about
  3. to change

Inflection
Conjugation of *hwerbaną (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwerbō*hwerbaų—*hwerbai ?
2nd singular *hwirbizi*hwerbaiz*hwerb*hwerbazai*hwerbaizau
3rd singular *hwirbidi*hwerbai*hwerbadau*hwerbadai*hwerbaidau
1st dual *hwerbōz*hwerbaiw———
2nd dual *hwerbadiz*hwerbaidiz*hwerbadiz——
1st plural *hwerbamaz*hwerbaim—*hwerbandai*hwerbaindau
2nd plural *hwirbid*hwerbaid*hwirbid*hwerbandai*hwerbaindau
3rd plural *hwerbandi*hwerbain*hwerbandau*hwerbandai*hwerbaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwarb*hurbį̄
2nd singular *hwarft*hurbīz
3rd singular *hwarb*hurbī
1st dual *hurbū*hurbīw
2nd dual *hurbudiz*hurbīdiz
1st plural *hurbum*hurbīm
2nd plural *hurbud*hurbīd
3rd plural *hurbun*hurbīn
present past
participles *hwerbandz*hurbanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hwerban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 265-266
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xwerbanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 200
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