< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hwerban

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hwerbaną.

Verb

*hwerban[1]

  1. to turn

Inflection

Strong class 3
Infinitive *hwerban
1st sg. past *hwarb
3rd pl. past *hurbun
Past ptcple *horban
Infinitive *hwerban
Genitive infin. *hwerbannjas
Dative infin. *hwerbannjē
Instrum. infin. *hwerbannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *hwerbu *hwarb
2nd singular *hwirbiʀi *hurbī
3rd singular *hwirbidi *hwarb
1st plural *hwerbum *hurbum
2nd plural *hwirbid *hurbud
3rd plural *hwerband *hurbun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *hwerbē *hurbī
2nd singular *hwerbēs *hurbī
3rd singular *hwerbē *hurbī
1st plural *hwerbēm *hurbīm
2nd plural *hwerbēþ *hurbīd
3rd plural *hwerbēn *hurbīn
Imperative Present
Singular *hwirb
Plural *hwirbid
Present Past
Participle *hwerbandī *horban

Descendants

  • Old English: hweorfan
  • Old Frisian: hwerva
  • Old Saxon: hwervan, hwerban
    • Middle Low German: warven, warben
  • Old Dutch: *wervan
  • Old High German: hwerban, werban

References

  1. Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 49:PWGmc *hwerban
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