< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwarbōną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷerp-, *kʷerb- (“to rotate, turn, turn around”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxʷɑr.βɔː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *hwarbōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hwarbō | *hwarbǭ | — | *hwarbōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hwarbōsi | *hwarbōs | *hwarbō | *hwarbōsai | *hwarbōsau |
| 3rd singular | *hwarbōþi | *hwarbō | *hwarbōþau | *hwarbōþai | *hwarbōþau |
| 1st dual | *hwarbōs | *hwarbōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hwarbōþiz | *hwarbōþiz | *hwarbōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hwarbōmaz | *hwarbōm | — | *hwarbōnþai | *hwarbōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *hwarbōþ | *hwarbōþ | *hwarbōþ | *hwarbōnþai | *hwarbōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *hwarbōnþi | *hwarbōn | *hwarbōnþau | *hwarbōnþai | *hwarbōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hwarbōdǭ | *hwarbōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hwarbōdēz | *hwarbōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hwarbōdē | *hwarbōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hwarbōdēdū | *hwarbōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hwarbōdēdudiz | *hwarbōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hwarbōdēdum | *hwarbōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hwarbōdēdud | *hwarbōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hwarbōdēdun | *hwarbōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hwarbōndz | *hwarbōdaz | |||
Related terms
- *hwarbą
- *hwarbaz
- *hwarbijaną
- *hwerbaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hwarbōn
- Old English: hwearfian
- Old Saxon: hwarvōn
- Middle Low German: warven (strong verb) (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hwerban)
- German Low German: warven (strong verb)
- Middle Low German: warven (strong verb) (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hwerban)
- Old Dutch: *warvon
- Middle Dutch: warven, waerven (strong verb) (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hwerban)
- Old High German: warbōn
- Old Norse: hvarfa
- >? Swedish: varva
- Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐍂𐌱𐍉𐌽 (ƕarbōn)
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