< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnīwaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ- (“to bend, to droop”). Perhaps cognate with Latin coniveo (“to close up the eyes; to connive, turn a blind eye”) due to matching phonetics, but the semantic gap is wide.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxniː.wɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Note: The original stem-final consonant gw becomes w, but g next to u.
Conjugation of *hnīwaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hnīwō | *hnīwaų | — | *hnīwai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hnīwizi | *hnīwaiz | *hnīw | *hnīwazai | *hnīwaizau |
| 3rd singular | *hnīwidi | *hnīwai | *hnīwadau | *hnīwadai | *hnīwaidau |
| 1st dual | *hnīwōz | *hnīwaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hnīwadiz | *hnīwaidiz | *hnīwadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hnīwamaz | *hnīwaim | — | *hnīwandai | *hnīwaindau |
| 2nd plural | *hnīwid | *hnīwaid | *hnīwid | *hnīwandai | *hnīwaindau |
| 3rd plural | *hnīwandi | *hnīwain | *hnīwandau | *hnīwandai | *hnīwaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hnaiw | *hniwį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hnaiwt | *hniwīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hnaiw | *hniwī | |||
| 1st dual | *hnigū | *hniwīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hnigudiz | *hniwīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hnigum | *hniwīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hnigud | *hniwīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hnigun | *hniwīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hnīwandz | *hniwanaz | |||
Related terms
- *hnaigwijaną/*hnaiwijaną
- *hnigwijaną/*hniwjaną
- *hnigōną/*hniwōną (?)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hnīwan-~*hnīgan”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 236-237
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xnīʒwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 180
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