< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlainijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Causative of *hlināną (“to lean”), which is a stative of an old nasal present from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxlɑi̯.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hlainijaną[1]

  1. (transitive) to lean, cause to lean

Inflection
Conjugation of *hlainijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlainijō*hlainijaų—*hlainijai ?
2nd singular *hlainīsi*hlainijais*hlainī*hlainijasai*hlainijaisau
3rd singular *hlainīþi*hlainijai*hlainijaþau*hlainijaþai*hlainijaiþau
1st dual *hlainijōs*hlainijaiw———
2nd dual *hlainijaþiz*hlainijaiþiz*hlainijaþiz——
1st plural *hlainijamaz*hlainijaim—*hlainijanþai*hlainijainþau
2nd plural *hlainīþ*hlainijaiþ*hlainīþ*hlainijanþai*hlainijainþau
3rd plural *hlainijanþi*hlainijain*hlainijanþau*hlainijanþai*hlainijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlainidǭ*hlainidēdį̄
2nd singular *hlainidēz*hlainidēdīz
3rd singular *hlainidē*hlainidēdī
1st dual *hlainidēdū*hlainidēdīw
2nd dual *hlainidēdudiz*hlainidēdīdiz
1st plural *hlainidēdum*hlainidēdīm
2nd plural *hlainidēdud*hlainidēdīd
3rd plural *hlainidēdun*hlainidēdīn
present past
participles *hlainijandz*hlainidaz

Derived terms
  • *hlainisōną

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hlainijan
    • Old English: hlǣnan
    • Old Saxon: *hlēnian
    • Old Dutch: lēnen
    • Old High German: hleinen
  • Old Norse: *hleina
    • Danish: læne
    • Swedish: läna

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hlainjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 228
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