< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grubilōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly a derivative of *grubilaz (“lying face down", or "a digging instrument”) +‎ *-ōną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scrape, scratch”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɣru.βi.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grubilōną[1]

  1. to lie face down, lie prostrate
  2. to grub, scramble, scrape, scratch

Inflection
Conjugation of *grubilōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grubilō*grubilǭ—*grubilōi ?
2nd singular *grubilōsi*grubilōs*grubilō*grubilōsai*grubilōsau
3rd singular *grubilōþi*grubilō*grubilōþau*grubilōþai*grubilōþau
1st dual *grubilōs*grubilōw———
2nd dual *grubilōþiz*grubilōþiz*grubilōþiz——
1st plural *grubilōmaz*grubilōm—*grubilōnþai*grubilōnþau
2nd plural *grubilōþ*grubilōþ*grubilōþ*grubilōnþai*grubilōnþau
3rd plural *grubilōnþi*grubilōn*grubilōnþau*grubilōnþai*grubilōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grubilōdǭ*grubilōdēdį̄
2nd singular *grubilōdēz*grubilōdēdīz
3rd singular *grubilōdē*grubilōdēdī
1st dual *grubilōdēdū*grubilōdēdīw
2nd dual *grubilōdēdudiz*grubilōdēdīdiz
1st plural *grubilōdēdum*grubilōdēdīm
2nd plural *grubilōdēdud*grubilōdēdīd
3rd plural *grubilōdēdun*grubilōdēdīn
present past
participles *grubilōndz*grubilōdaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *grubilōn
    • Old Saxon: *gruvilōn
      • Middle Low German: *gruvelen, *grüvelen
        • German Low German: gruveln (also possibly borrowed from Middle High/Modern German)
    • Old High German: grubilōn
      • Middle High German: grübelen
  • Old Norse: grœfla, grufla
    • Icelandic: grufla
    • Faroese: gruvla
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: gruvla
    • → Middle English: *grovelen
      • English: grovel
      • Middle Scots: grovill

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒrubilōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 144
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