誓

誓	U+8A93, 誓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A93

← 誒
[U+8A92]

CJK Unified Ideographs

誔 →
[U+8A94]

Translingual

Han character

誓 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 手中卜一口 (QLYMR), four-corner 5260₁, composition ⿱折言)

Derived characters

𡂉

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1162, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35514

Dae Jaweon: page 1627, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3973, character 5

Unihan data for U+8A93

Chinese

simp. and trad.		誓
alternative forms		逝䤱 ancient 𣂶 ancient 𣂯 ancient

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 誓
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (折) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
晢	ʔljeds, ʔljed
狾	*ʔljeds
誓	*ɦljeds
逝	*ɦljeds
銴	ɢljeds, ɢʷleds
折	l'eːl, ʔljed, *ɦljed
娎	hleːws, qʰred
哳	*ʔr'eːd
踅	*sɢʷled
哲	*ʔl'ed
蜇	*ʔl'ed
悊	*ʔl'ed
嚞	*ted
喆	*ted
硩	l̥ʰed, l̥ʰeːɡ
浙	*ʔljed
晣	*ʔljed
焎	*hred

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljeds) : phonetic 折 (OC *l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed) + semantic 言 (“speech”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sai⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ
Eastern Min (BUC): siê
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sē / sī / sè / chōa

(Teochew, Peng'im): si⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shì
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
  - Wade–Giles: shih⁴
  - Yale: shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
  - Palladius: ши (ši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sai⁶
  - Yale: saih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: sei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: siê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siɛ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sē
  - Tâi-lô: sē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: se
  - IPA (Xiamen): /se²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /se⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī
  - Tâi-lô: sī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: si
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /si²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sè
  - Tâi-lô: sè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sex
  - IPA (Taipei): /se¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /se²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōa
  - Tâi-lô: tsuā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoa
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sua⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sua²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sua³³/

Note:

sē/sī - literary;
chōa - vernacular;
sè - vernacular (俗).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: si⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si¹¹/

Middle Chinese: dzyejH

Rime
Character	誓
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時制切
Baxter	dzyejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiaj^H/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛi^H/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d][a]t-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɦljeds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	誓
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[d][a]t-s/
English	swear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	誓
Reading #	1/1
No.	16934
Phonetic component	折
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	逝
Old Chinese	/*ɦljeds/

Definitions

誓

to swear; to vow; to pledge
誓師／誓师 ― shìshī ― to take a mass pledge before one's troops
oath; pledge; vow
宣誓 ― xuānshì ― to take an oath

Compounds

信誓 (xìnshì)
信誓旦旦 (xìnshìdàndàn)
刑馬作誓／刑马作誓
四弘誓願／四弘誓愿 (sìhóngshìyuàn)
宣誓 (xuānshì)
對天發誓／对天发誓
山盟海誓 (shānménghǎishì)
折箭為誓／折箭为誓 (zhéjiànwéishì)
指天為誓／指天为誓 (zhǐ tiān wéi shì)
指天誓心
指天誓日
撫臆誓肌／抚臆誓肌
旦旦信誓 (dàndànxìnshì)
明誓
柏舟之誓
歃血為誓／歃血为誓
泰誓
洪誓
海誓山盟 (hǎishìshānméng)
瀝血以誓／沥血以誓
發誓／发誓 (fāshì)
盟誓
監誓／监誓 (jiānshì)
秦誓
立誓 (lìshì)
罰誓／罚誓
要誓
言誓
誓不兩立／誓不两立
誓不甘休
誓劍／誓剑
誓反教 (shìfǎnjiào)
誓同生死
誓墓
誓山盟海
誓師／誓师 (shìshī)
誓彼襟靈／誓彼襟灵
誓死 (shìsǐ)
誓死不二 (shìsǐ bù'èr)
誓死不屈 (shìsǐbùqū)
誓泉之譏／誓泉之讥
誓海盟山
誓無二心／誓无二心
誓無二志／誓无二志
誓約／誓约 (shìyuē)
誓言 (shìyán)
誓詞／誓词 (shìcí)
誓願／誓愿 (shìyuàn)
賭誓／赌誓 (dǔshì)
賭身發誓／赌身发誓
賭身立誓／赌身立誓 (dǔshēnlìshì)
起誓 (qǐshì)

References

“誓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

誓

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ぜ (ze)
Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: ぜい (zei)
Kun: いましめる (imashimeru, 誓める); ちかい (chikai, 誓い)^{←ちかひ (tikafi, 誓ひ, historical)}; ちかう (chikau, 誓う, Jōyō)^{←ちかふ (tikafu, 誓ふ, historical)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
誓
うけい Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spellings
誓ひ祈祈ひ誓約祈請

Continuative of 誓ふ (ukefu, “to vow”)

Noun

誓(うけい) • (ukei) ^{←うけひ (ukefi)^?}

(archaic, Shinto, Japanese mythology) an "oath", a ritual in which whether something is true or false, right or wrong, good or evil, etc. is judged based on whether the stated outcome of an act comes true as expected
アマテラスとスサノオの誓約(うけい)
Amaterasu to Susanoo no ukei
the oath of Amaterasu and Susanoo

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰʌ̹]
Phonetic hangul: [서]

Hanja

Wikisource 誓 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

誓: Hán Nôm readings: thệ, thề

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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