西方

Chinese

		west	square; quadrilateral; place square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just
simp. and trad. (西方)		西	方

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xīfāng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄈㄤ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xi¹ fang¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щифон (xifon, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): sai¹ fong¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sî-fông
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): se-hong / se-hng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xīfāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄈㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sifang
  - Wade–Giles: hsi¹-fang¹
  - Yale: syī-fāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shifang
  - Palladius: сифан (sifan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xi¹ fang¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xifang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵ faŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щифон (xifon, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi²⁴ fɑŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sai¹ fong¹
  - Yale: sāi fōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sai¹ fong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sei¹ fong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐi̯⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî-fông
  - Hakka Romanization System: xi´ fong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xi¹ fong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /si²⁴⁻¹¹ foŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se-hong
  - Tâi-lô: se-hong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: se'hofng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /se⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /se³³ hɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /se⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se-hng
  - Tâi-lô: se-hng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: se'hngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /se³³ hŋ̍³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /se⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: sej pjang

Rime
Character	西	方
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	先稽切	府良切
Baxter	sej	pjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sei/	/pʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/sei/	/pʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛi/	/piuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛj/	/puaŋ/
Li Rong	/sei/	/piuaŋ/
Wang Li	/siei/	/pĭwaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/siei/	/piwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xī	fāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sai¹	fong¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-nˤər C-paŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sɯːl paŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	西	方
Reading #	1/1	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī	fāng
Middle Chinese	‹ sej ›	‹ pjang ›
Old Chinese	/*s-nˁər/	/*C-paŋ/
English	west	square
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	西	方
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	13236	3023
Phonetic component	西	方
Rime group	微	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	西	方
Old Chinese	/*sɯːl/	/*paŋ/
Notes		甲金文象槳即榜初文，下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆

Noun

西方

west
(Buddhism) Alternative name for 西天 (xītiān, “Western Paradise”).

Proper noun

西方

the Western world; the West

Usage notes

The Standard Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese defines 西方 (xīfāng) in the modern sense as being made up of the various developed capitalist countries, which includes Japan. However, Japan is generally not considered a Western country by the average native speaker of Chinese. Eastern European countries like Russia, Belarus, Georgia and Armenia may or may not be considered Western, depending on context, but their cuisines are often included under "Western food", while Japanese cuisine is not.

Synonyms

西洋 (Xīyáng)

Derived terms

西方三聖／西方三圣 (Xīfāng Sānshèng)
西方中心主義／西方中心主义 (xīfāngzhōngxīnzhǔyì)
西方人 (xīfāngrén)
西方化 (xīfānghuà)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (西方):

→ Japanese: 西方(せいほう) (seihō)
→ Korean: 서방(西方) (seobang)
→ Vietnamese: tây phương (西方)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
西	方
せい Grade: 2	ほう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せーほー [sèéhóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [se̞ːho̞ː]

Noun

西(せい)方(ほう) • (seihō)

west, western area

Related terms

References

Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
西	方

Noun

西方

chữ Hán form of tây phương (“west”).

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[ZAJ-1] Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN