稽

See also: 乩
稽 U+7A3D, 稽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A3D
← 稼
[U+7A3C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 稾 →
[U+7A3E]

Translingual

Han character

稽 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹木戈山日 (HDIUA), four-corner 23961, composition ⿰禾⿱尤旨)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 858, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25218
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1283, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2622, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+7A3D

Chinese
trad. 稽
simp. # 稽
2nd round simp. 𬓠
alternative forms
 
𥠻
𥡞
䭫
䭬
𩒨
𥠻
𥡞
䭫
䭬
𩒨
乩

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 稽
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (旨) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
稽 *kiː, *kʰiːʔ
詣 *ŋɡiːs
栺 *ŋɡiːs, *kji
榰 *klje
脂 *kji
鴲 *kji, *kjis
指 *kjiʔ
旨 *kjiʔ
恉 *kjiʔ
嗜 *ɡjis
蓍 *qʰlji
鰭 *ɡri
耆 *ɡri
鮨 *ɡri
鬐 *ɡri

Originally 𩒨, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kiː, *kʰiːʔ) : phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ) + semantic 頁 (“person's head”).

In the modern form it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kiː, *kʰiːʔ) : semantic 𥝌 (“bent, stunted tree”) + semantic 尤 + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 稽
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 古奚切
Baxter kej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kei/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kei/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɛi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kɛj/
Li
Rong		 /kei/
Wang
Li		 /kiei/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kiei/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gai1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 稽 稽 稽
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jī jī jī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kej › ‹ kej › ‹ kej ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁij/ /*kˁij/ /*kˁij/
English accord with cultivate (field) calculate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 稽
Reading # 1/2
No. 17317
Phonetic
component		 旨
Rime
group		 脂
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 雞
Old
Chinese		 /*kiː/

Definitions

稽

  1. (transitive) to examine; to investigate; to check
    1. to recriminate; to argue; to dispute
  2. (transitive, intransitive) to keep; to reserve
    1. to delay; to procrastinate
  3. (transitive) to reach
  4. (transitive, intransitive) to suit; to correspond
  5. to divine

Compounds

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 稽
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 康禮切
Baxter khejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰeiX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰeiX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰɛjX/
Li
Rong		 /kʰeiX/
Wang
Li		 /kʰieiX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 hai2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 稽
Reading # 4/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khejX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[kʰ]ˁijʔ/
English bow the head to the ground

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 稽
Reading # 2/2
No. 17318
Phonetic
component		 旨
Rime
group		 脂
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 啓
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰiːʔ/

Definitions

稽

  1. † to kowtow; to bow to the ground

Compounds
  • 拜手稽首
  • 拜稽首
  • 泣血稽顙／泣血稽颡
  • 稽拜
  • 稽顙／稽颡
  • 稽顙泣血／稽颡泣血
  • 稽顙肉袒／稽颡肉袒
  • 稽首 (qǐshǒu)

References

Japanese

Kanji
稽

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. to think; to consider
  2. to train; to practice

Readings

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 稽 (MC kej|khejX). Recorded as Middle Korean 계〯 (kyěy) (Yale: kyey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 稽 (eumhun 상고할 계 (sanggohal gye))

  1. Hanja form? of 계 (“to examine”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

稽: Hán Nôm readings: kê, ghê, ghe, khẻ, khẽ, khể

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