康

See also: 隶

康	U+5EB7, 康 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EB7

← 庶
[U+5EB6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

庸 →
[U+5EB8]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

康 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈中水 (ILE), four-corner 0023₂, composition ⿸广隶)

Derived characters

𨝎, 𨻷, 㝩, 嫝, 嵻, 慷, 漮, 𠻞, 𡐓, 𡻚, 㱂, 槺, 䆲, 穅, 𤮊, 𥉽, 𥕎, 䗧, 糠, 躿, 𫂞, 𨄗, 𨎍, 鏮, 𩾌, 鱇, 𪏢

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 347, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9376
Dae Jaweon: page 658, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 891, character 1
Unihan data for U+5EB7

Chinese

trad.		康
simp. ^#		康
alternative forms		𢊪𥹺𠭳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 康
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (庚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
唐	*ɡl'aːŋ
煻	*l'aːŋ
糖	*l'aːŋ
搪	*l'aːŋ
蓎	*l'aːŋ
瑭	*l'aːŋ
餹	*l'aːŋ
篖	*l'aːŋ
螗	*l'aːŋ
塘	*l'aːŋ
鶶	*l'aːŋ
赯	*l'aːŋ
磄	*l'aːŋ
溏	*l'aːŋ
傏	*l'aːŋ
鎕	*l'aːŋ
榶	*l'aːŋ
嵣	l'aːŋʔ, l'aːŋs
庚	*kraːŋ
賡	*kraːŋ
鹒	*kraːŋ
康	*kʰlaːŋ
穅	*kʰlaːŋ
糠	*kʰlaːŋ
槺	*kʰlaːŋ
漮	*kʰlaːŋ
躿	*kʰlaːŋ
慷	*kʰlaːŋʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 庚 (“threshing tools”) + 米 (“rice”) – chaff.

The derivative 糠 refers to the original word.

Etymology

quiet, calm, peaceful: Schuessler (2007) compares 康 (OC *khâŋ) < *khlaŋ to Mizo tlan ~ tlang (“good, kindly, mild, calm, etc.”), both tentatively from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *klaŋ.
Kham: Borrowed from Tibetan ཁམས (khams).
"to look, to see": Arose from mishearing of 好康 (hǎokāng, “rich; lucky; fortunate”) as 好看 (hǎokàn, “good-looking; worth seeing”) in a line of 《如果早知道男生也會被性侵》.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kāng (kang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄤ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hong¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hong¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): không

(Meixian, Guangdong): kong¹
Eastern Min (BUC): kŏng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khng / khong

(Teochew, Peng'im): kang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kang
  - Wade–Giles: kʻang¹
  - Yale: kāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kang
  - Palladius: кан (kan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hong¹
  - Yale: hōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: không
  - Hakka Romanization System: kong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰouŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khng / khong
  - Tâi-lô: khng / khong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qngf, qofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰŋ̍⁴⁴/, /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰŋ̍³³/, /kʰɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰŋ̍⁴⁴/, /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰŋ̍⁴⁴/, /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰŋ̍⁴⁴/, /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

khng - vernacular (incl. surname);
khong - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: khang

Rime
Character	康
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦岡切
Baxter	khang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaŋ/
Li Rong	/kʰɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kʰɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤaŋ/, /*k-r̥ˤaŋ/, /*r̥ˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰlaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	康	康	康
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kāng	kāng	tāng
Middle Chinese	‹ khang ›	‹ khang ›	‹ thang ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁaŋ/	/*k-r̥ˁaŋ/	/*r̥ˁaŋ/
English	empty	tranquil; at ease	name of first Shang ruler
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	康
Reading #	1/1
No.	3981
Phonetic component	庚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	康
Old Chinese	/*kʰlaːŋ/

Definitions

康

peaceful and happy; tranquil
healthy; well; strong
prosperous; plentiful; abundant
broad; vast; smooth; level
(obsolete) hollow; empty
(obsolete) Original form of 糠 (kāng, “chaff; husk”).
(Chinese mythology) Tai Kang (third king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)
Synonym: 太康 (Tài Kāng)
(Chinese mythology) Zhong Kang (fourth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)
Synonym: 仲康 (Zhòng Kāng)
(Chinese mythology) Shao Kang (sixth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)
Synonym: 少康 (Shào Kāng)
a surname
康有為／康有为 ― Kāng Yǒuwéi ― Kang Youwei
1. (historical) a surname, given to people from the Central Asian country of Kangju (康居 or 康國／康国)
Kham (a historical region in Tibet)
(Internet slang) Alternative form of 看 (“to look; to see”)

Compounds

保康 (Bǎokāng)
保康縣／保康县
健康 (jiànkāng)
健康保險／健康保险 (jiànkāng bǎoxiǎn)
健康教育
健康檢查／健康检查
健康襪／健康袜
健康醋
健康食品 (jiànkāng shípǐn)
周康王
團康／团康
太康 (Tàikāng)
太康體／太康体
好康 (hǎokāng)
孫康映雪／孙康映雪
安康 (ānkāng)
安康計畫／安康计画
富強康樂／富强康乐
小康 (xiǎokāng)
小康社會／小康社会 (xiǎokāng shèhuì)
小康計畫／小康计画
少康 (Shào Kāng)
嵇康
川端康成
平康 (píngkāng)
平康坊
平康巷
平康里
平直康莊／平直康庄
康乃馨 (kāngnǎixīn)
康健 (kāngjiàn)
康克爾／康克尔 (Kāngkè'ěr)
康其 (Kāngqí)
康回 (Kānghuí)
康坪 (Kāngpíng)
康定 (Kāngdìng)
康定縣／康定县
康寧／康宁
康居 (Kāngjū)
康居園／康居园 (Kāngjūyuán)
康年
康康舞 (kāngkāngwǔ)
康強／康强
康復／康复 (kāngfù)
康復醫學／康复医学
康德 (Kāngdé)
康德主義／康德主义
康德黎
康有為／康有为
康梁
康樂／康乐 (kānglè)
康樂活動／康乐活动
康泰 (kāngtài)
康濟／康济
康濟錄／康济录
康熙 (Kāngxī)
康熙字典 (Kāngxī Zìdiǎn)
康爵
康瓠
康白度
康莊／康庄 (kāngzhuāng)
康莊大道／康庄大道 (kāngzhuāngdàdào)
康衢
康阜
康青
康黴素／康霉素
建康 (Jiànkāng)
德川家康
心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng)
成康之治
提康德羅加／提康德罗加 (Tíkāngdéluójiā)
政躬康泰
杜康 (dùkāng)
民康物阜
永康 (Yǒngkāng)
海康 (Hǎikāng)
盛康 (Shèngkāng)
福壽康寧／福寿康宁
西康省
速賜康／速赐康
酮康唑 (tóngkāngzuò)
靖康 (Jìngkāng)
靖康之難／靖康之难
靖康要錄／靖康要录
韓康賣藥／韩康卖药

References

“Query for 康”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

康

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

peace

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
Kun: やすい (yasui, 康い)
Nanori: やす (yasu)

Compounds

健康(けんこう) (kenkō): health

Proper noun

康(やすし) • (Yasushi)

a male given name

Korean

Hanja

康 (eumhun 편안할 강 (pyeonanhal gang))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

건강 (健康, geon'gang)
건강보험 (健康保險, geon'gangboheom)
강녕 (康寧, gangnyeong)
강건 (康健, ganggeon)

Vietnamese

Han character

康: Hán Nôm readings: khang, khăng, khương

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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