衡

衡	U+8861, 衡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8861

← 衠
[U+8860]

CJK Unified Ideographs

衢 →
[U+8862]

Translingual

Han character

衡 (Kangxi radical 144, 行+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹人弓大弓 (HONKN), four-corner 2122₁, composition ⿴行𩵋 or ⿲彳𩵋亍)

Derived characters

蘅

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1110, character 11

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34078

Dae Jaweon: page 1575, character 4

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 846, character 4

Unihan data for U+8861

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (行) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
筕	ɡaːŋ, ɡraːŋ
桁	ɡaːŋ, ɡraːŋ
行	ɡaːŋ, ɡaːŋs, ɡraːŋ, ɡraːŋs
胻	ɡaːŋ, ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs
衡	*ɡraːŋ
蘅	*ɡraːŋ
珩	*ɡraːŋ
洐	*ɡraːŋ
荇	*ɡraːŋʔ
絎	*ɡraːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːŋ) : phonetic 行 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs) + semantic 角 (“horn”) + semantic 大 (“big”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		衡
alternative forms		𪉗𢖍𧗣

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): héng (heng²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hang⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hn̂g / hêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: héng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: héng
  - Wade–Giles: hêng²
  - Yale: héng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: herng
  - Palladius: хэн (xɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hang⁴
  - Yale: hàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: heng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: hn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hngg
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hŋ̍²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng
  - Tâi-lô: hîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: heeng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: haeng

Rime
Character	衡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	戸庚切
Baxter	haeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣɐŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	héng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤraŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	衡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	héng
Middle Chinese	‹ hæng ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁraŋ/
English	beam of a steelyard
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	衡
Reading #	1/1
No.	13868
Phonetic component	行
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	行
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːŋ/

Definitions

衡

cross yoke (of an ox, in carriage, etc.)
beam of steelyard; (by extension) weighing apparatus
to weigh
to judge; to measure
level; even; balanced
transverse; horizontal

Compounds

三教論衡／三教论衡
供需失衡
公衡
制衡 (zhìhéng)
力平衡
動態平衡／动态平衡 (dòngtài pínghéng)
困心衡慮／困心衡虑
均衡 (jūnhéng)
坑衡
大文衡
失衡 (shīhéng)
安定均衡
宰衡 (zǎihéng)
常衡 (chánghéng)
平衡 (pínghéng)
平衡力
平衡反應／平衡反应
平衡木 (pínghéngmù)
平衡稅／平衡税
平衡覺／平衡觉
度量衡 (dùliànghéng)
從衡／从衡
懸衡／悬衡
抗衡 (kànghéng)
持衡
持衡擁璇／持衡拥璇
掊斗折衡
收支平衡
散帶衡門／散带衡门
文衡
望衡對宇／望衡对宇
楅衡
樞衡／枢衡
機衡／机衡
權力均衡／权力均衡
權衡／权衡 (quánhéng)
權衡輕重／权衡轻重
氮平衡
熱平衡／热平衡
爭衡／争衡
玉衡
生態平衡／生态平衡 (shēngtài pínghéng)
盱衡
秉臺衡／秉台衡
穩定平衡／稳定平衡
藥衡／药衡 (yàohéng)
衡命
衡器
衡宇
衡山 (Héng Shān)
衡平
衡水 (Héngshuǐ)
衡石
衡石量書／衡石量书
衡視／衡视 (héngshì)
衡茅
衡行
衡軛／衡轭
衡量 (héngliáng)
衡鑑／衡鉴
衡門／衡门
衡門深巷／衡门深巷
衡闈／衡闱
衡陽／衡阳 (Héngyáng)
衡陽雁去／衡阳雁去
論衡／论衡 (Lùn Héng)
輻衡／辐衡
迓衡
連衡／连衡 (liánhéng)
金衡 (jīnhéng)
銓衡／铨衡
阿衡
隨遇平衡／随遇平衡 (suíyù pínghéng)
難與抗衡／难与抗衡
靜力平衡／静力平衡

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		衡
alternative forms		行拫恆／恒

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): hang⁴

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hang⁴
  - Yale: hàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: heng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²¹/

Definitions

衡

(as a resultative) (pulled) tight; taut
拉衡條繩。／拉衡条绳。 [Cantonese] ― laai¹ hang⁴ tiu⁴ sing^4-2. [Jyutping] ― Pull the rope taut.
to the limit; to the maximum
開衡部冷氣／开衡部冷气 [Cantonese] ― hoi¹ hang⁴ bou⁶ laang⁵ hei³ [Jyutping] ― to turn up the AC to the maximum; to have the AC running on maximum

扯到衡晒 [Cantonese] ― ce² dou³ hang⁴ saai³ [Jyutping] ― to be fully erect
famous; prestigious; well-known

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 緊 (“tight”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		緊
Mandarin	Taiwan	緊
	Guilin	緊
	Singapore	緊
Cantonese	Guangzhou	緊, 衡 †
	Hong Kong	緊, 衡 †
	Singapore (Guangfu)	緊
Hakka	Meixian	緊, 絚
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	絚
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	絚
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	絚
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	絚
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	絚
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	絚
Southern Min	Xiamen	絚
	Quanzhou	絚, 絚丹
	Zhangzhou	絚
	Taipei	絚 GT
	Penang (Hokkien)	絚
	Singapore (Hokkien)	絚
	Chaozhou	絚
	Shantou	絚
	Jieyang	絚
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - only used for pulled objects as a resultative

References

“Query for 衡”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
“衡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

衡

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kun: くびき (kubiki, 衡); はかり (hakari, 衡); はかる (hakaru, 衡る)
Nanori: ひら (hira)

Compounds

拡大均衡(かくだいきんこう) (kakudai kinkō)
合従連衡(がっしょうれんこう) (gasshō renkō)
均衡(きんこう) (kinkō)
均衡価格(きんこうかかく) (kinkō kakaku)
均衡経済(きんこうけいざい) (kinkō keizai)
均衡予算(きんこうよさん) (kinkō yosan)
権衡(けんこう) (kenkō)
衡器(こうき) (kōki)
衡平(こうへい) (kōhei)
財政均衡計画(ざいせいきんこうけいかく) (zaisei kinkō keikaku)
銓衡(せんこう) (senkō)
度量衡(どりょうこう) (doryōkō)
不均衡(ふきんこう) (fukinkō)
平衡(へいこう) (heikō)
平衡感覚(へいこうかんかく) (heikō kankaku)
平衡錘(へいこうすい) (heikōsui)
利子平衡税(りしへいこうぜい) (rishiheikōzei)
連衡(れんこう) (renkō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
衡
くびき Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 衡 – see the following entry.

【くびき】

[noun] yoke (wooden bar)

Alternative spellings
軛, 頸木

(This term, 衡, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

衡 • (hyeong, hoeng) (hangeul 형, 횡, revised hyeong, hoeng, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, hoeng, Yale hyeng, hoyng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

衡: Hán Nôm readings: hành, hoành

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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