腦

See also: 脳 and 脑
腦 U+8166, 腦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8166
← 腥
[U+8165] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 腧 →
[U+8167]

Translingual
Traditional 腦
Shinjitai 脳
Simplified 脑

Han character

腦 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月女女田 (BVVW), four-corner 72263, composition ⿰⺼𡿺)

Derived characters
  • 𫇂, 𥀮

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 988, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29681
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1440, character 32
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2100, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+8166

Chinese

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (匘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
腦 *nuːʔ, *nuːs
惱 *nuːʔ
瑙 *nuːʔ
匘 *nuːʔ
碯 *nuːʔ
硇 *rnuː
𣳦 *rnuː

Originally 匘, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 匕 + 巛 (“hair”) + 囟 (“head; fontanel”). 匕 was later replaced with 肉 (“flesh”).

Etymology 1
trad. 腦
simp. 脑
2nd round simp. 㐫
alternative forms 匘
𦛁

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəw-k. Cognate with Burmese ဦးနှောက် (u:hnauk), Nuosu ꀑꆊ (o not, “brain”), Jingpho nu' (“brain”), Drung unu (“brain; mind”), Japhug tɯrnoʁ, S'gaw Karen ခိၣ်နူာ် (khoh̀noọ, “brain”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
    • náu - vernacular;
    • ló - literary.
      Note:
      • nao2 - literary;
      • lo2 - vernacular.
        • Wu
          • (Shanghai):
            • Wugniu: 6nau
            • MiniDict: nau去
            • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3nau
            • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nɔ²³/
        • Xiang
          • (Changsha)
            • Wiktionary: lau3
            • Sinological IPA (key): /lɒu̯⁴¹/
Rime
Character 腦
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 奴晧切
Baxter nawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /nɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /nɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /nɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /nawX/
Li
Rong		 /nɑuX/
Wang
Li		 /nɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /nɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 nǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 nou5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 腦
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 nǎo
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nawX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*nˁ[u]ʔ/
English brain

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 腦
Reading # 1/2
No. 9370
Phonetic
component		 匘
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 堖
Old
Chinese		 /*nuːʔ/
Notes 見左傳，說文作匘

Definitions

腦

  1. (anatomy) brain (Classifier: 個／个 m c)
  2. head
  3. brains; mind
    唔使用腦諗／唔使用脑谂 [Cantonese]  ―  m4 sai2 jung6 nou5 nam2 [Jyutping]  ―  no need to use one's brains
  4. † to smash one's head
  5. † core; central part
  6. (in compounds) brain-like object or substance
    豆腐腦／豆腐脑  ―  dòufunǎo  ―  tofu pudding
    電腦／电脑  ―  diànnǎo  ―  computer
  7. (in compounds) essence
    樟腦／樟脑  ―  zhāngnǎo  ―  camphor
    龍腦／龙脑  ―  lóngnǎo  ―  borneol
    薄荷腦／薄荷脑  ―  bóhénǎo  ―  menthol
  8. (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 電腦／电脑 (din6 nou5, “computer”). (Classifier: 部 c)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 電腦 (“computer”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 電腦, 電子計算機, 計算機, 電算機, 電算
Mandarin Taiwan 電腦
Guilin 電腦
Malaysia 電腦
Singapore 電腦
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 電腦, 康比尤特
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 康比尤特
Dagudi (Maliba) 電腦
Reshuitang (Longling) 電腦
Mae Salong (Lancang) 電腦
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 電腦
Cantonese Guangzhou 電腦
Hong Kong 電腦, 腦
Taishan 電腦
Taishan (Guanghai) 電腦
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 電腦
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 電腦
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 電腦
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 電腦
Singapore (Guangfu) 電腦
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 電腦
Móng Cái 電腦
Yangon (Taishan) 電腦
Mandalay (Taishan) 電腦
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 電腦
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 電腦
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 電腦
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 電腦
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 電腦
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 電腦
Senai (Huiyang) 電腦
Eastern Min Matsu 電腦
Southern Min Xiamen 電腦
Quanzhou 電腦
Zhangzhou 電腦
Penang (Hokkien) 電腦
Singapore (Hokkien) 電腦
Manila (Hokkien) 電腦
Bangkok (Teochew) 電腦
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 電腦
Hat Yai (Teochew) 電腦
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 電腦
Singapore (Teochew) 電腦
Wu Shanghai 電腦
Xiang Changsha 電子計算機, 電腦

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (腦):
  • → Japanese: 脳(のう) (nō)
  • → Korean: 뇌(腦) (noe)
  • → Vietnamese: não (腦)

Compounds

Etymology 2
trad. 腦
simp. 脑

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 腦
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 那到切
Baxter nawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /nɑuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /nɑuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /nɑuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /nawH/
Li
Rong		 /nɑuH/
Wang
Li		 /nɑuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /nɑuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 nào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 nou6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 腦
Reading # 2/2
No. 9375
Phonetic
component		 匘
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 腝
Old
Chinese		 /*nuːs/

Definitions

腦

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Japanese

Shinjitai

 脳

Kyūjitai

 腦

Kanji
腦

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 脳)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 脳

Readings

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 腦 (MC nawX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448노ᇢ〯 (Yale: nwǒw)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527골〮치〮 (Yale: kwólchí)노〯 (Yale: nwǒ)

Pronunciation

Noun

Wikisource 腦 (eumhun 머릿골 뇌 (meoritgol noe))

  1. Hanja form? of 뇌 (“brain”). [noun]

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Old Japanese

Etymology

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 漬く (naduku, “to be immersed in water (or other liquid)”).

Noun

腦 (naduki1) (kana なづき)

  1. the brain

Descendants

References
  1. Unknown (794) Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
腦

Han character

腦: Hán Nôm readings: não

Noun

腦

  1. chữ Hán form of não (“brain”).
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