統

See also: 统
統 U+7D71, 統
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D71
← 絰
[U+7D70] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 絲 →
[U+7D72]

Translingual

Han character

統 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+5 in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), 糸+6 in Chinese (mainland China, Hong Kong), Japanese and Korean, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 女火卜戈山 (VFYIU), four-corner 20913, composition ⿰糹充)

Derived characters
  • 𫫴, 𫌒, 𬔕, 𦼟, 𥴗, 𨭑

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 924, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27447
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1358, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3398, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7D71

Chinese
trad. 統
simp. 统

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (充) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
統 *tʰuːŋs
充 *l̥ʰjuŋ
珫 *tʰjuŋ
茺 *tʰjuŋ
銃 *tʰjuŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰuːŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 充 (OC *l̥ʰjuŋ).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • thóng - literary;
  • tháng - vernacular.
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai):
        • Wugniu: 5thon
        • MiniDict: thon去
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2thon
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰoŋ³⁴/
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: tong3
        • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /tʰʊŋ⁴¹/
        • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /tʰən⁴¹/
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 統
Mandarin Beijing /tʰuŋ²¹⁴/
Harbin /tʰuŋ²¹³/
Tianjin /tʰuŋ¹³/
Jinan /tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /tʰəŋ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /tʰuŋ⁴²/
/tʰuŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /tʰuŋ⁵³/
Xining /tʰuə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /tʰuŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /tũn⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /tʰuŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /tʰoŋ⁴²/
Chengdu /tʰoŋ⁵³/
Guiyang /tʰoŋ⁴²/
Kunming /tʰoŋ⁵³/
Nanjing /tʰoŋ²¹²/
Hefei /tʰəŋ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰuəŋ⁵³/
Pingyao /tʰuŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /tʰũŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /tʰoŋ³⁵/
Suzhou /tʰoŋ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /tʰoŋ⁵³/
Wenzhou /tʰoŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /tʰʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /tʰan³¹/
Xiang Changsha /tʰoŋ⁴¹/
Xiangtan /tʰən⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /tʰuŋ²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /tʰuŋ³¹/
Taoyuan /tʰuŋ³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰoŋ³⁵/
Nanning /tʰuŋ³⁵/
Hong Kong /tʰuŋ³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tʰɔŋ⁵³/
/tʰaŋ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰuŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tʰɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /tʰoŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hɔŋ²¹³/
/haŋ²¹³/
Rime
Character 統
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 冬 (5)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他綜切
Baxter thowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰuoŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰuoŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰoŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰawŋH/
Li
Rong		 /tʰoŋH/
Wang
Li		 /tʰuoŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰuoŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 tung3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 統
Reading # 1/1
No. 1490
Phonetic
component		 充
Rime
group		 終
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 統
Old
Chinese		 /*tʰuːŋs/

Definitions

統

  1. interconnected and continuous relationship
    血統／血统  ―  xuètǒng  ―  bloodline; ancestry
    傳統／传统  ―  chuántǒng  ―  tradition
  2. to govern; to command; to control
    統兵／统兵  ―  tǒngbīng  ―  to lead troops
    統率／统率  ―  tǒngshuāi  ―  to command
  3. to unite; to unify; to reunify
    統戰／统战  ―  tǒngzhàn  ―  united front
    統派／统派  ―  tǒngpài  ―  reunification camp (in Taiwan)
    武統／武统  ―  wǔtǒng  ―  to reunify (China) using force
  4. all; together
    統共／统共  ―  tǒnggòng  ―  altogether; all in all
    統籌／统筹  ―  tǒngchóu  ―  to plan as a whole

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
統

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. relationship
  2. control

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

統 • (tong) (hangeul 통, revised tong, McCune–Reischauer t'ong, Yale thong)

  1. to lead, command[1]

Compounds

References
  1. “네이버 漢字辭典”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (in Korean), (Can we date this quote?)

Vietnamese

Chữ Hán

統: Hán Nôm readings: thống, thụng, thủng, xóng, tung, thỗng, thổng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds
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