穢

See also: 秽

穢	U+7A62, 穢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A62

← 穡
[U+7A61]

CJK Unified Ideographs

穣 →
[U+7A63]

Translingual

Han character

穢 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 竹木卜一竹 (HDYMH), four-corner 2195₃, composition ⿰禾歲)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 861, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25331
Dae Jaweon: page 1287, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2634, character 9
Unihan data for U+7A62

Chinese

trad.		穢
simp.		秽
alternative forms		濊／𰛦

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (歲) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
噦	qʰʷaːds, qʷrad, *qʷad
翽	*qʰʷaːds
鐬	*qʰʷaːds
濊	qʰʷaːds, qʷaːds, qʷads, qʰʷaːd
歲	sqʰʷads, sqʰʷad
劌	*kʷrads
顪	*qʰʷads
穢	*qʷads
薉	*qʷads
獩	*qʷads
饖	*qʷads
奯	*qʰʷaːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷads) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 歲 (OC *sqʰʷads, *sqʰʷad).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huì, wèi (hui⁴, wei⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ, ㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wai³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ve

(Meixian, Guangdong): vê⁴ / mê⁴
Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̿
Eastern Min (BUC): uói
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): è / èr / òe

(Teochew, Peng'im): uê³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵hue
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fei⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huì
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
  - Wade–Giles: hui⁴
  - Yale: hwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
  - Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
  - Wade–Giles: wei⁴
  - Yale: wèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
  - Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wai³
  - Yale: wai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: wei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ve
  - Hakka Romanization System: ve
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ve⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ve⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: vê⁴ / mê⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ʋe⁵³/, /me⁵³/

Note: mê4 - colloquial (“dirty”).

Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: uói
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: è
  - Tâi-lô: è
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ex
  - IPA (Taipei): /e¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /e²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: èr
  - Tâi-lô: èr
  - IPA (Lukang): /ə³¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ə⁴¹/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /ə¹²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: òe
  - Tâi-lô: uè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oex
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ue⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /ue²¹/

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- è/èr - vernacular;
- òe - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: uê³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ue²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵hue
  - MiniDict: hue^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²hue
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hue³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: fei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸe̞i̯⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'jwojH

Rime
Character	穢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	廢 (28)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於廢切
Baxter	'jwojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉɐi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷiɐi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuɐi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuaj^H/
Li Rong	/ʔiuɐi^H/
Wang Li	/ĭwɐi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯wɐi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wai³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷat-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʷads/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	穢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huì
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjwoj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*qʷat-s/
English	bad weeds; filth
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	穢
Reading #	1/1
No.	12168
Phonetic component	歲
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	穢
Old Chinese	/*qʷads/

Definitions

穢

dirty; filthy; unclean
immoral; obscene
(dialectal Hakka, Malaysian Mandarin) disgusting; revolting
(Southern Min) to infect (a person)
(obsolete) overgrown with weeds

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 髒 (“dirty”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		污, 穢, 污穢
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		骯髒, 污穢
Mandarin	Beijing	髒, 腌臢
	Taiwan	髒, 骯髒
	Langfang	髒
	Cangzhou	邋遢
	Baoding	骯髒
	Shijiazhuang	髒
	Daming	陳
	Harbin	埋汰
	Yantai (Muping)	髒, 邋乎, 埋汰
	Jinan	髒, 窩囊, 腌臢
	Luoyang	齷齪, 邋遢
	Wanrong	髒, 日髒, 骯髒
	Xi'an	髒, 骯髒
	Yinchuan	髒
	Lanzhou	髒
	Xining	骯髒, 髒
	Ürümqi	髒
	Wuhan	拉瓜, 賴
	Chengdu	髒, 齷齪, 邋遢
	Guiyang	髒
	Kunming	邋遢
	Liuzhou	邋遢, 污糟, 涴
	Xuzhou	骯髒, 腌臢
	Yangzhou	髒, 邋遢
	Nanjing	髒
	Hefei	髒, 膿糟, 拾弄
	Singapore	骯髒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	污糟, 邋遢, 揦鮓
	Hong Kong	污糟, 邋遢, 揦鮓
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	邋遢, 骯屎
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	骯屎
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	揦鮓
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	垠
	Macau	污糟
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	污糟, 邋遢
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	邋遢, 揦鮓
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	污糟, 邋遢
	Foshan	污糟, 邋遢
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	污糟
	Foshan (Shunde)	污糟
	Foshan (Sanshui)	污糟
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	污糟
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	邋遢
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	邋遢
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	揦鮓
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	揦鮓
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	揦鮓, 邋遢
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	揦鮓
	Taishan	邋遢, 揦鮓
	Kaiping (Chikan)	邋遢, 揦鮓
	Enping (Niujiang)	邋遢
	Heshan (Yayao)	邋遢
	Dongguan	賴濕, 鹹濕
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	垠
	Yangjiang	失引, 污糟, 揦鮓
	Singapore (Guangfu)	污糟, 揦鮓
Gan	Nanchang	腌臢
	Lichuan	邋遢
	Pingxiang	雷堆, 雷賴, 齷齪
Hakka	Meixian	漚紐, 穢
	Xingning	累贅
	Huidong (Daling)	囉嗦
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	囉嗦
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	囉嗦
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	烏數
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	烏奴
	Liannan	邋遢
	Jiexi	垃圾
	Changting	齷齪
	Wuping	屙糟
	Wuping (Pingyu)	屙糟
	Liancheng	屙糟
	Ninghua	齷齪
	Yudu	屙糟
	Ruijin	屙糟
	Shangyou (Shexi)	垃圾
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Hong Kong	漚紐, 累贅, 囉嗦
Huizhou	Jixi	活柴, 污糟
	Shexian	邋遢, 污糟
	Tunxi	遢邋
	Xiuning	遢邋
	Yixian	邋遢
	Qimen	邋遢
	Wuyuan	邋遢
Jin	Taiyuan	日髒, 髒, 腌臢
	Xinzhou	日髒
	Zhangjiakou	髒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	污喏, 垃圾
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	污喏
	Jianyang	污喏
	Wuyishan	垃圾
	Pucheng (Shibei)	垃圾
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	垃渣, 濫𡞟, 懶露, 五鹵, 齷齪
Southern Min	Xiamen	流瘍, 流死瘍, 垃圾, 腌臢, 驚儂, 垃儳, 穢涗, 塕埃
	Quanzhou	腌臢, 兇, 驚儂, 穢涗, 塕埃
	Zhangzhou	腌臢, 垃圾, 淤漬, 驚儂, 垃圾鬼, 穢涗, 塕埃
	Taipei	垃圾, 垃儳, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	垃圾, 腌臢, 癩𰣻, 驚儂
	Kaohsiung	垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩𰣻, 驚儂
	Yilan	垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂
	Changhua (Lukang)	垃圾, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂
	Taichung	垃圾
	Taichung (Wuqi)	垃圾
	Tainan	垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩𰣻, 癩𰣻爛癆, 驚儂, 流𣻸
	Taitung	垃圾
	Hsinchu	垃圾, 腌臢, 癩𰣻
	Kinmen	垃圾, 腌臢, 驚儂, 垃儳, 癩𰣻
	Penghu (Magong)	垃圾, 腌臢, 驚儂, 垃儳, 癩𰣻
	Penang (Hokkien)	垃儳
	Singapore (Hokkien)	流瘍, 垃儳, 垃圾, 厚穢
	Manila (Hokkien)	腌臢
	Chaozhou	垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄疑
	Shantou	垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄疑
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	垃圾
	Jieyang	垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄疑
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	凄疑
	Singapore (Teochew)	垃圾, 邋遢
	Leizhou	邋滯
	Wenchang	尻髒
	Haikou	尻髒
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	污盧
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	齷齪
Wu	Shanghai	齷齪, 鏖糟 dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	邋遢, 齷齪
	Suzhou	齷齪, 邋遢, 污糟
	Wuxi	污糟, 齷拉
	Danyang	髒
	Hangzhou	埲, 邋遢
	Ningbo	膩腥, 鏖糟, 淟汰, 邋遢 dated
	Wenzhou	鏖糟, 髒
	Jinhua	遮捏, 鏖糟
Xiang	Changsha	邋遢, 邋糊
Xiang	Shuangfeng	派老, 邋遢

Compounds

口出穢言／口出秽言
大穢／大秽
形穢／形秽
污穢／污秽 (wūhuì)
污言穢語／污言秽语
淫污穢臭／淫污秽臭
淫穢／淫秽 (yínhuì)
滓穢／滓秽
溷穢／溷秽
滌瑕蕩穢／涤瑕荡秽
滌穢蕩瑕／涤秽荡瑕
穢亂／秽乱 (huìluàn)
穢史／秽史
穢囊／秽囊
穢土／秽土 (huìtǔ)
穢德／秽德
穢惡／秽恶
穢氣／秽气
穢物／秽物 (huìwù)
穢罵／秽骂
穢草／秽草
穢行／秽行
穢言／秽言 (huìyán)
穢語／秽语 (huìyǔ)
穢語污言／秽语污言
穢跡／秽迹
自慚形穢／自惭形秽 (zìcánxínghuì)
自覺形穢／自觉形秽
芟穢／芟秽
蕩瑕滌穢／荡瑕涤秽
蕪穢／芜秽 (wúhuì)
附膻逐穢／附膻逐秽
除殘去穢／除残去秽

Japanese

Kanji

穢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: え (e)
Kan-on: わい (wai)
Kan’yō-on: あい (ai)
Kun: けがれる (kegareru, 穢れる)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
穢
けが(れ) Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 穢 – see the following entry.

【けがれ】

[noun] uncleanliness (non-physical); (religion) defilement

[verb] imperfective and stem (or continuative) forms of けがれる (kegareru) [ichidan]

Alternative spellings
穢れ, 汚れ, 汚, 汚穢

(This term, 穢, is an alternative spelling (dated) of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

穢 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

穢: Hán Nôm readings: uế

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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