God; unusual; mysterious God; unusual; mysterious; soul; spirit; divine essence; lively; spiritual being |
alert; departed soul; efficacious alert; departed soul; efficacious; quick; effective; intelligence | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (神靈) | 神 | 靈 | |
| simp. (神灵) | 神 | 灵 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 神 | 靈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 船 (27) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 食鄰切 | 郎丁切 |
| Baxter | zyin | leng |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʑiɪn/ | /leŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʑin/ | /leŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʑjen/ | /lɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʑin/ | /lɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡ʑiĕn/ | /leŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡ʑĭĕn/ | /lieŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/ | /lieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shén | líng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
san4 | ling4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 神 | 靈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shén | líng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ zyin › | ‹ leng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*Cə.li[n]/ | /*[r]ˁeŋ/ |
| English | spirit | supernatural |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 神 | 靈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11245 | 8259 |
| Phonetic component |
申 | 霝 |
| Rime group |
眞 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
神 | 靈 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hlin/ | /*reːŋ/ |