生死存亡

Chinese

		to live and die; life-and-death	to live or die; life or death
trad. (生死存亡)		生死	存亡
simp. ^#(生死存亡)		生死	存亡
Literally: “to live or die, exist or perish”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shēngsǐcúnwáng

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄥㄙˇ ㄘㄨㄣˊ ㄨㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sang¹ sei² cyun⁴ mong⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shēngsǐcúnwáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄥㄙˇ ㄘㄨㄣˊ ㄨㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shengsǐhcúnwáng
  - Wade–Giles: shêng¹-ssŭ³-tsʻun²-wang²
  - Yale: shēng-sž-tswún-wáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shengsyytswenwang
  - Palladius: шэнсыцуньван (šɛnsycunʹvan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯ən³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sang¹ sei² cyun⁴ mong⁴
  - Yale: sāng séi chyùhn mòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sang¹ sei² tsyn⁴ mong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: seng¹ séi² qun⁴ mong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐŋ⁵⁵ sei̯³⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹ mɔːŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: sraeng|sraengH sijX dzwon mjang

Rime
Character	生	生	死	存	亡
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	生 (21)	心 (16)	從 (15)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	庚 (109)	脂 (17)	魂 (55)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	II	II	III	I	III
Fanqie	所庚切	所敬切	息姊切	徂尊切	武方切
Baxter	sraeng	sraengH	sijX	dzwon	mjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠæŋ/	/ʃˠæŋ^H/	/sˠiɪ^X/	/d͡zuən/	/mʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚaŋ/	/ʃᵚaŋ^H/	/sᵚi^X/	/d͡zuon/	/mʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃaŋ/	/ʃaŋ^H/	/siɪ^X/	/d͡zuən/	/miuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨjŋ/	/ʂaɨjŋ^H/	/sji^X/	/d͡zwən/	/muaŋ/
Li Rong	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋ^H/	/sji^X/	/d͡zuən/	/miuaŋ/
Wang Li	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋ^H/	/si^X/	/d͡zuən/	/mĭwaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂɐŋ/	/ʂɐŋ^H/	/si^X/	/d͡zʱuən/	/miwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēng	shèng	sǐ	cún	wáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sang¹	sang³	si²	cyun⁴	mong⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*sreŋ|sreŋ|sreŋ sijʔ [dz]ˤə[n] maŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ|sreŋs hljiʔ zluːn maŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	生	生	生	死	存	亡
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēng	shēng	shēng	sǐ	cún	wáng
Middle Chinese	‹ sræng ›	‹ sræng ›	‹ srjæng ›	‹ sij^X ›	‹ dzwon ›	‹ mjang ›
Old Chinese	/sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or s.reŋ ?)	/*sreŋ/	/sreŋ/ (or s.reŋ ?)	/*sijʔ/	/*[dz]ˁə[n]/	/*maŋ/
English	bear, be born; live	fresh, raw	bear, be born; live	die (v.)	exist	flee; disappear; die
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	生	生	死	存	亡
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1	1/1
No.	11312	11322	12006	1905	12662
Phonetic component	生	生	死	存	亡
Rime group	耕	耕	脂	文	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0	2	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	生	生	死	存	亡
Old Chinese	/*sʰleːŋ/	/*sreŋs/	/*hljiʔ/	/*zluːn/	/*maŋ/

Idiom

生死存亡

life or death; survival or extinction
關係到人類的生死存亡 [MSC, trad.]
关系到人类的生死存亡 [MSC, simp.]
guānxì dào rénlèi de shēngsǐcúnwáng [Pinyin]
to concern the survival of the human race
matter of life and death; critical moment
生死存亡的關頭／生死存亡的关头 ― shēngsǐcúnwáng de guāntóu ― crucial juncture

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