存

See also: 仔

存	U+5B58, 存 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B58

← 字
[U+5B57]

CJK Unified Ideographs

孙 →
[U+5B59]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

存 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大中弓木 (KLND), four-corner 4024₇, composition ⿸𠂇⿰丨子)

Derived characters

侟𠱜𢙨拵洊𤞐𨒸𣆱栫珔𦛊袸𧋃臶銌𨚲荐𤶐

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 278, character 2

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6943

Dae Jaweon: page 545, character 8

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1009, character 7

Unihan data for U+5B58

Chinese

simp. and trad.		存

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (存) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
荐	*zlɯːns
洊	*zlɯːns
臶	zlɯːns, zluːns
栫	zlɯːns, zluːns
袸	zlɯːns, zluːn
存	*zluːn
拵	*zluːn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zluːn) : phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs) + semantic 子.

Etymology

Possibly the demonstrative *-n derivation from 在 (OC *zlɯːʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): cún (cun²)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄣˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): en² / cun²
Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): cun²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhùn / sùn

(Meixian, Guangdong): cun²
Jin (Wiktionary): cung¹
Northern Min (KCR): cǒ̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): còng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chûn

(Teochew, Peng'im): cung⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zen
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zen²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cún
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cún
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻun²
  - Yale: tswún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tswen
  - Palladius: цунь (cunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu̯ən³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: en² / cun²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: en / cun
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ən²¹/, /t͡sʰuən²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cyun⁴
  - Yale: chyùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: qun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyːn²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: cun²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰun²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhùn / sùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: cunˇ / sunˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cun² / sun²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun¹¹/, /sun¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cun²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cung¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰũŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǒ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: còng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡souŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chûn
  - Tâi-lô: tsûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zuun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sun²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sun²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sun¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sun²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sun²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cung⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshûng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶zen
  - MiniDict: zen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sən¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 存
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sʰuən³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰuən²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰuən⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡sʰuẽ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰuə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰuən⁴²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰuẽ²⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sʰuə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰuŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sʰũn⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰuŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰən³¹/ /t͡sʰuən³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰen²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡sʰuə̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰun²⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zen²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zø³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰʌ̃⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰuːə⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sən¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡zən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰun²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰun¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰun¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰyn²¹/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰyn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰyn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sun³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡souŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sɔŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sun³¹/

Middle Chinese: dzwon

Rime
Character	存
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徂尊切
Baxter	dzwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zuən/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zuon/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zwən/
Li Rong	/d͡zuən/
Wang Li	/d͡zuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cyun⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤə[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*zluːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	存
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cún
Middle Chinese	‹ dzwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁə[n]/
English	exist
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	存
Reading #	1/1
No.	1905
Phonetic component	存
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	存
Old Chinese	/*zluːn/

Definitions

存

(literary) to exist
to cherish; to harbor
to store; to retain
stock; reserve

Synonyms

(to exist):

在
存在 (cúnzài)
有
留存 (liúcún)

Compounds

一息尚存 (yīxīshàngcún)
一滴無存／一滴无存
下存
不存
不存不濟／不存不济
不存大體／不存大体
不存濟／不存济
並存／并存 (bìngcún)
並存不悖／并存不悖
主敬存誠／主敬存诚
久有存心
亡人自存
人存政舉／人存政举
依存 (yīcún)
保存 (bǎocún)
倖存／幸存 (xìngcún)
傳真存轉／传真存转
儲存／储存 (chǔcún)
儲存單位／储存单位
儲蓄存款／储蓄存款
共存 (gòngcún)
典範長存／典范长存
分隸偶存／分隶偶存
勢不兩存／势不两存
去偽存真／去伪存真 (qùwěicúnzhēn)
去蕪存菁／去芜存菁 (qùwúcúnjīng)
名存實亡／名存实亡 (míngcúnshíwáng)
和平共存 (hépíng gòngcún)
圖存／图存 (túcún)
在此存照
外匯存底／外汇存底
外幣存款／外币存款
存亡 (cúnwáng)
存亡未卜
存亡絕續／存亡绝续
存亡繼絕／存亡继绝
存候
存勞／存劳
存包處／存包处
存古 (cúngǔ)
存問／存问
存單／存单 (cúndān)
存在 (cúnzài)
存在主義／存在主义 (cúnzài zhǔyì)
存坐
存執／存执
存存
存孤
存宿
存底
存廢／存废 (cúnfèi)
存心 (cúnxīn)
存恤
存慰
存戶／存户 (cúnhù)
存摺／存折 (cúnzhé)
存撫／存抚
存放 (cúnfàng)
存查 (cúnchá)
存案
存根 (cúngēn)
存檔／存档 (cúndàng)
存欄／存栏
存款 (cúnkuǎn)
存沒／存没
存活 (cúnhuó)
存活率 (cúnhuólǜ)
存濟／存济
存照
存留 (cúnliú)
存疑 (cúnyí)
存省
存眷
存神
存視／存视
存稿
存續／存续 (cúnxù)
存而不論／存而不论
存記／存记
存證信函／存证信函
存貨／存货 (cúnhuò)
存身 (cúnshēn)
存量 (cúnliàng)
存錢／存钱 (cúnqián)
存錄／存录
存食
存養／存养
安存
定存 (dìngcún)
定期存款 (dìngqī cúnkuǎn)
寄存 (jìcún)
封存 (fēngcún)
屍骨無存／尸骨无存
巋然獨存／岿然独存
庫存／库存 (kùcún)
心存不軌／心存不轨 (xīncúnbùguǐ)
心存魏闕／心存魏阙
思存
惠存 (huìcún)
意存筆先／意存笔先
推亡固存
提存
撫存／抚存 (fǔcún)
救亡圖存／救亡图存 (jiùwángtúcún)
李存勗／李存勖
死生存亡
殘存／残存 (cáncún)
殷文存
永存 (yǒngcún)
永存不朽
求同存異／求同存异 (qiútóngcúnyì)
治亂存亡／治乱存亡
活存 (huócún)
活期存款 (huóqī cúnkuǎn)
浩氣長存／浩气长存 (hàoqì chángcún)
溫存／温存 (wēncún)
滾存／滚存 (gǔncún)
無存濟／无存济
片瓦無存／片瓦无存
片甲不存
片甲無存／片甲无存
猶存／犹存
現存／现存 (xiàncún)
生存 (shēngcún)
生存空間／生存空间 (shēngcún kōngjiān)
生存競爭／生存竞争
生死存亡 (shēngsǐcúnwáng)
留存 (liúcún)
百不存一
百無一存／百无一存
盤存／盘存 (páncún)
目擊道存／目击道存
碩果僅存／硕果仅存 (shuòguǒjǐncún)
票據存款／票据存款
禮存寧儉／礼存宁俭
積存／积存 (jīcún)
立此存照
結存／结存 (jiécún)
綜合存款／综合存款
繼絕存亡／继绝存亡
聚落保存
興廢存亡／兴废存亡
舍生存義／舍生存义
苟存
若存若亡
蕩然無存／荡然无存 (dàngránwúcún)
貯存／贮存 (zhùcún)
軟語溫存／软语温存
進退存亡／进退存亡
過化存神／过化存神
適者生存／适者生存 (shìzhě shēngcún)
長存／长存 (chángcún)
閑邪存誠／闲邪存诚
難存濟／难存济
零存整付
零庫存／零库存
霽範永存／霁范永存
養性存身／养性存身
餘存／余存
餘悸猶存／余悸犹存
黃金存摺／黄金存折
默存
齒亡舌存／齿亡舌存
齒弊舌存／齿弊舌存

Japanese

Kanji

存

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

exist

Readings

Go-on: ぞん (zon, Jōyō)
Kan-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
Kun: ある (aru, 存る); たもつ (tamotsu, 存つ); とう (tou, 存う); ながらえる (nagaraeru, 存える)

Compounds

保(ほ)存(ぞん) (hozon, “preservation”)
存(そん)続(ぞく) (sonzoku, “duration”)
依(い)存(ぞん) (izon, “depend”)
依(い)存(ぞん)症(しょう) (izonshō, “addiction”)
現(げん)存(ぞん) (genzon, “existence”)
共(きょう)存(ぞん) (kyōzon, “coexistence”)
生(せい)存(ぞん) (seizon, “living, life”)
生(せい)存(ぞん)権(けん) (seizonken, “right to life”)
残(ざん)存(ぞん) (zanzon, “survival”)
存(そん)立(りつ) (sonritsu, “existence”)
存(そん)否(ぴ) (sonpi, “existence or nonexistence”)
存(ぞん)心(しん) (zonshin, “inner thoughts”)

Korean

Hanja

存 (eum 존 (jon))

to have
to exist
to be living

Compounds

존재 (存在, jonjae, “existence”)
기존 (旣存, gijon, “existing”)
의존 (依存, uijon, “dependence”)
보존 (保存, bojon, “preservation”)
생존 (生存, saengjon, “survival”)

Vietnamese

Han character

存: Hán Nôm readings: tồn, dòn, sòn, ròn, tòn

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