狀

See also: 状

狀	U+72C0, 狀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72C0

← 犿
[U+72BF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

狁 →
[U+72C1]

狀	U+F9FA, 狀 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FA

← 粒
[U+F9F9]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

炙 →
[U+F9FB]

Translingual

Han character

狀 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女一戈大 (VMIK), four-corner 3313₄, composition ⿰爿犬)

Derived characters

𣶍, 𣈚, 𥇺, 𨡧, 𦲚, 𡘾

Descendants

状

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 707, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20280
Dae Jaweon: page 1119, character 30
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1334, character 3
Unihan data for U+72C0
Unihan data for U+F9FA

Chinese

trad.		狀
simp.		状

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
臧	*ʔsaːŋ
牂	*ʔsaːŋ
戕	kaːl, ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ
贓	*ʔsaːŋ
藏	zaːŋ, zaːŋs
奘	zaːŋʔ, zaːŋs
臟	*zaːŋs
將	ʔsaŋ, ʔsaŋs
漿	*ʔsaŋ
鱂	*ʔsaŋ
蔣	ʔsaŋ, ʔsaŋʔ
螿	*ʔsaŋ
槳	*ʔsaŋʔ
獎	*ʔsaŋʔ
醬	*ʔsaŋs
鏘	*sʰaŋ
蹡	sʰaŋ, ʔshaŋs
嶈	*sʰaŋ
斨	*sʰaŋ
爿	braːn, zaŋ
牆	*zaŋ
妝	*ʔsraŋ
莊	*ʔsraŋ
裝	ʔsraŋ, ʔsraŋs
壯	*ʔsraŋs
疒	rnɯːɡ, zraŋ
床	*zraŋ
牀	*zraŋ
狀	*zraŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zraŋs) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 犬.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhuàng (zhuang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zuang⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): zong⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhong
Jin (Wiktionary): zuon³
Northern Min (KCR): cōng
Eastern Min (BUC): cê̤ng / cáung
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chōng / chiōng / chn̄g

(Teochew, Peng'im): zuang⁶ / zeng⁷
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zaon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàng
  - Wade–Giles: chuang⁴
  - Yale: jwàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq
  - Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zuang⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zuong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suaŋ²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zong⁶
  - Yale: johng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzong⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zong⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zuon³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡suɒ̃⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cê̤ng / cáung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔyŋ²⁴²/, /t͡sɑuŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōng / chiōng / chn̄g
  - Tâi-lô: tsōng / tsiōng / tsn̄g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zong, ciong, zng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔŋ²²/, /t͡siɔŋ²²/, /t͡sŋ̍²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/, /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/, /t͡sŋ̍⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ²²/, /t͡siɔŋ²²/, /t͡sŋ̍²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ³³/, /t͡siɔŋ³³/, /t͡sŋ̍³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ³³/, /t͡siɔŋ³³/, /t͡sŋ̍³³/

Note:

chōng - literary;
chiōng/chn̄g - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zuang⁶ / zeng⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsuăng / tsṳ̄ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suaŋ³⁵/, /t͡sɯŋ¹¹/

Note: zeng7 - “certificate”.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶zaon
  - MiniDict: zaon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zaan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɑ̃²³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 狀
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂuɑŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡suɑŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/p͡faŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂuɔ̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂuɑŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/p͡fɑ̃¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂuɑŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡suaŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡suaŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡suaŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂuã̠¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂuɑ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡suɒ̃⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡suɑŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡suɑ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zɑ̃²³/
	Suzhou	/zɑ̃³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zz̩ʷɑŋ¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑyɔ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡so³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰau¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕyan⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕyan¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sɔn⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰoŋ⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɔŋ²²/
	Nanning	/t͡sɔŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɔŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sɔŋ²²/ /t͡sŋ̍²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sɔyŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/ 告～ /t͡sɔŋ⁴²/ 形～
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡suaŋ³⁵/ /t͡sɯŋ³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tuaŋ²³/ /to²³/

Middle Chinese: dzrjangH

Rime
Character	狀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	鋤亮切
Baxter	dzrjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒiɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒiaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒĭaŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhuàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zong⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]raŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*zraŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	狀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhuàng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzrjang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]raŋ-s/
English	form, appearance
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	狀
Reading #	1/1
No.	10312
Phonetic component	爿
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*zraŋs/

Definitions

狀

^⁜ form; appearance; state
- 1046 October 17, 范仲淹 (Fan Zhongyan), 岳陽樓記:
  
  予觀夫巴陵勝狀，在洞庭一湖。 [MSC, trad.]
  予观夫巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。 [MSC, simp.]
  Yǔ guān fū bālíng shèng zhuàng, zài dòngtíng yī hú. [Pinyin]
  I look at the best state of Baling, at the Dongting Lake.
^⁜ shape
^⁜ certificate
獎狀／奖状 ― jiǎngzhuàng ― certificate
^⁜ to describe

Compounds

下狀／下状
不可名狀／不可名状 (bùkěmíngzhuàng)
不可狀／不可状
不堪言狀／不堪言状
中狀元／中状元
井柱狀圖／井柱状图
任命狀／任命状
伏狀／伏状
供狀／供状 (gòngzhuàng)
信任狀／信任状
保狀／保状 (bǎozhuàng)
信用狀／信用状 (xìnyòngzhuàng)
保護狀制／保护状制
具狀／具状
冠狀動脈／冠状动脉
凹狀／凹状
凸狀／凸状
出狀況／出状况
出言無狀／出言无状
勒狀／勒状
千態萬狀／千态万状
千狀萬態／千状万态
千狀萬端／千状万端
千變萬狀／千变万状
原狀／原状 (yuánzhuàng)
名狀／名状 (míngzhuàng)
告御狀／告御状 (gào yùzhuàng)
告狀／告状 (gàozhuàng)
告狀本／告状本
告陰狀／告阴状
回狀／回状
報狀／报状
壺狀花冠／壶状花冠
大會狀／大会状
奇形怪狀／奇形怪状 (qíxíngguàizhuàng)
妖形怪狀／妖形怪状
委任狀／委任状
安於現狀／安于现状 (ānyúxiànzhuàng)
對狀／对状
島狀丘陵／岛状丘陵
巔峰狀態／巅峰状态
帶狀／带状 (dàizhuàng)
帶狀疱疹／带状疱疹 (dàizhuàng pàozhěn)
形狀／形状 (xíngzhuàng)
得意之狀／得意之状
御狀／御状 (yùzhuàng)
徵狀／征状
怪狀／怪状
性狀／性状 (xìngzhuàng)
情狀／情状 (qíngzhuàng)
慘狀／惨状 (cǎnzhuàng)
憨狀可掬／憨状可掬
所有權狀／所有权状
房狀／房状
打通狀／打通状
投名狀／投名状
招狀／招状
掌狀脈／掌状脉
掌狀複葉／掌状复叶
插狀／插状
摹狀／摹状
文狀／文状
斑狀齒／斑状齿
星芒狀／星芒状
晶狀體／晶状体 (jīngzhuàngtǐ)
棒狀桿菌／棒状杆菌 (bàngzhuàng gǎnjūn)
款狀／款状
死狀／死状 (sǐzhuàng)
殊形妙狀／殊形妙状
殊形怪狀／殊形怪状
殊形詭狀／殊形诡状
水狀液／水状液
波狀熱／波状热 (bōzhuàngrè)
無狀／无状
牒狀／牒状
狀元／状元
狀元及第／状元及第
狀元籌／状元筹
狀元紅／状元红
狀元餅／状元饼
狀子／状子 (zhuàngzi)
狀師／状师 (zhuàngshī)
狀態／状态 (zhuàngtài)
狀態詞／状态词 (zhuàngtàicí)
狀本兒／状本儿
狀況／状况 (zhuàngkuàng)
狀紙／状纸 (zhuàngzhǐ)
狀聲詞／状声词 (zhuàngshēngcí)
狀詞／状词
狀語／状语 (zhuàngyǔ)
狀貌／状貌 (zhuàngmào)
狀頭／状头
狼狽萬狀／狼狈万状
獎狀／奖状 (jiǎngzhuàng)
獻狀／献状
玻璃狀態／玻璃状态
現狀／现状 (xiànzhuàng)
球狀星團／球状星团 (qiúzhuàng xīngtuán)
環狀剝皮／环状剥皮
環狀軟骨／环状软骨 (huánzhuàng ruǎngǔ)
申狀／申状
甲狀腺／甲状腺 (jiǎzhuàngxiàn)
甲狀腺素／甲状腺素 (jiǎzhuàngxiànsù)
甲狀腺腫／甲状腺肿 (jiǎzhuàngxiànzhǒng)
甲狀軟骨／甲状软骨 (jiǎzhuàng ruǎngǔ)
異狀／异状
畫伏狀／画伏状
病患狀／病患状
病狀／病状 (bìngzhuàng)
症狀／症状 (zhèngzhuàng)
癥狀／症状 (zhēngzhuàng)
盾狀／盾状 (dùnzhuàng)
睫狀肌／睫状肌 (jiézhuàngjī)
萬狀／万状 (wànzhuàng)
穗狀花序／穗状花序
窮形極狀／穷形极状
結狀／结状
緊急狀態／紧急状态 (jǐnjí zhuàngtài)
網狀系統／网状系统
網狀脈／网状脉
總狀花序／总状花序
罪狀／罪状 (zuìzhuàng)
羽狀脈／羽状脉
羽狀複葉／羽状复叶
膠著狀態／胶著状态
自供狀／自供状 (zìgòngzhuàng)
舌狀花／舌状花
莫可名狀／莫可名状
葉狀植物／叶状植物
葉狀體／叶状体
蕈狀雲／蕈状云
螺旋狀／螺旋状
蟹狀星雲／蟹状星云
行狀／行状 (xíngzhuàng)
褒狀／褒状
言狀／言状
詞狀／词状
訴狀／诉状 (sùzhuàng)
詭形怪狀／诡形怪状
詭形殊狀／诡形殊状
詭狀異形／诡状异形
貪濁有狀／贪浊有状
軍令狀／军令状 (jūnlìngzhuàng)
輻狀花冠／辐状花冠
門狀／门状
關門狀／关门状
陳狀／陈状
陰狀／阴状
難以名狀／难以名状
難為狀／难为状
飽和狀態／饱和状态
首狀／首状
黑驢告狀／黑驴告状

References

“狀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

狀

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

things stand

Readings

On (unclassified): じょう (jō)

Usage notes

It has been superseded by 状 in modern Japanese. (not a shinjitai)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 狀 (MC dzrjangH).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 싸ᇰ〮 (Yale: ssáng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 상 (sang)^訓 (Yale: sang) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [상]

Hanja

Wikisource 狀 (eumhun 형상(形狀) 상 (hyeongsang( 形狀 ) sang))

Hanja form^? of 상 (“form; appearance; state”).
Hanja form^? of 상 (“shape”).

Compounds

현상 (現狀, hyeonsang)
증상 (症狀, jeungsang)
실상 (實狀, silsang)
형상 (形狀, hyeongsang)
참상 (慘狀, chamsang)
원상 (原狀, wonsang)
정상 (情狀, jeongsang)
죄상 (罪狀, joesang)
흉상 (凶狀/兇狀, hyungsang)
상태 (狀態, sangtae, “state”)
상황 (狀況, sanghwang, “situation”)
갑상선 (甲狀腺, gapsangseon)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 狀 (MC dzrjangH).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 자ᇰ〯 (cǎng)^訓 (Yale: cǎng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠(ː)ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [장(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

狀 (eumhun 문서 장 (munseo jang))

Hanja form^? of 장 (“document; certificate”).

Compounds

영장 (令狀, yeongjang)
송장 (送狀, songjang)
답장 (答狀, dapjang)
상장 (賞狀, sangjang)
행장 (行狀, haengjang)
장원 (狀元, jang'won)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

狀: Hán Nôm readings: trạng

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