狀元

See also: 状元

Chinese

		accusation; suit; state accusation; suit; state; condition; strong; great	primary; first; fundamental primary; first; fundamental; dollar; (dynasty)
trad. (狀元)		狀	元
simp. (状元)		状	元

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhuàngyuan, zhuàngyuán

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ ˙ㄩㄢ, ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄩㄢˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zuang⁴ yuan²
Cantonese (Jyutping): zong⁶ jyun⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhong-ngièn / chhong-ngiàn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiōng-goân / chiōng-oân

(Teochew, Peng'im): zo⁶ nguang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàngyuan
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ ˙ㄩㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàngyuån
  - Wade–Giles: chuang⁴-yüan⁵
  - Yale: jwàng-ywan
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq.iuan
  - Palladius: чжуанъюань (čžuanʺjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ɥɛn¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàngyuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàngyuán
  - Wade–Giles: chuang⁴-yüan²
  - Yale: jwàng-ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanqyuan
  - Palladius: чжуанъюань (čžuanʺjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zuang⁴ yuan²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zuongwan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suaŋ²¹³ yan²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zong⁶ jyun⁴
  - Yale: johng yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzong⁶ jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: zong⁶ yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːŋ²² jyːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong-ngièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong ngienˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong⁴ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong-ngiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong ngianˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong⁴ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Philippines, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōng-goân
  - Tâi-lô: tsiōng-guân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cioxnggoaan
  - IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /t͡siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Philippines): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ɡuan²³/
- (Hokkien: Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōng-oân
  - Tâi-lô: tsiōng-uân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cioxng'oaan
  - IPA (Philippines): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² uan²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zo⁶ nguang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsŏ nguâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so³⁵⁻¹¹ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzrjangH ngjwon

Rime
Character	狀	元
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	鋤亮切	愚袁切
Baxter	dzrjangH	ngjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒɨɐŋ^H/	/ŋʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐiɐŋ^H/	/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒiɑŋ^H/	/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐɨaŋ^H/	/ŋuan/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒiaŋ^H/	/ŋiuɐn/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒĭaŋ^H/	/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯aŋ^H/	/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhuàng	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zong⁶	jyun⁴

Noun

狀元

(historical) zhuangyuan, someone who was ranked first class in the palace examination, the highest level of the Chinese imperial examination; champion
(in modern uses) one who achieves the highest score in an examination; top scorer; valedictorian
(by extension) the very best in a field; top performer
(Hokkien, dice games) the winning dice roll in a Mooncake Festival Dice Game

Synonyms

龍頭／龙头 (lóngtóu)

Coordinate terms

榜眼 (bǎngyǎn)
探花 (tànhuā)

Derived terms

三百六十行，行行出狀元／三百六十行，行行出状元 (sānbǎi liùshí háng, hángháng chū zhuàngyuán)
中狀元／中状元
有狀元學生，無狀元先生／有状元学生，无状元先生
狀元及第／状元及第
狀元及第粥／状元及第粥
狀元圓／状元圆
狀元籌／状元筹
狀元紅／状元红
狀元餅／状元饼
行行出狀元／行行出状元

Descendants

→ Thai: จอหงวน
→ Vietnamese: trạng nguyên

References

“Entry #4347”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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