牡丹

Chinese

		male	red; pellet; powder red; pellet; powder; cinnabar
simp. and trad. (牡丹)		牡	丹

牡丹

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mǔdān

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˇ ㄉㄢ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mu³ dan¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): maau⁵ daan¹, mau⁵ daan¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): méu-tân
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bó͘-tan

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhou² duan¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶meu-te; ⁶mau-te

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mǔdān → mǔdan (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˇ ㄉㄢ → ㄇㄨˇ ˙ㄉㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mǔdån
  - Wade–Giles: mu³-tan⁵
  - Yale: mǔ-dan
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muu.dan
  - Palladius: мудань (mudanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tän⁵⁵/ → /mu²¹⁴ d̥än⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: mu³ dan¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mu dan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵³ tan⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: maau⁵ daan¹, mau⁵ daan¹
  - Yale: máauh dāan, máuh dāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maau⁵ daan¹, mau⁵ daan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: mao⁵ dan¹, meo⁵ dan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːu̯¹³ taːn⁵⁵/, /mɐu̯¹³ taːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: méu-tân
  - Hakka Romanization System: meu` dan´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: meu³ dan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /meu̯³¹ tan²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bó͘-tan
  - Tâi-lô: bóo-tan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bofdafn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tan³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bhou² duan¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bóu tuaⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /bou⁵²⁻³⁵ tũã³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶meu-te; ⁶mau-te
  - MiniDict: meu^去 te; mau^去 te
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³meu-te; ³mau-te
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɤ²² te⁴⁴/, /mɔ²² te⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: muwX tan

Rime
Character	牡	丹
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	莫厚切	都寒切
Baxter	muwX	tan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/məu^X/	/tɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/məu^X/	/tɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/məu^X/	/tɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məw^X/	/tan/
Li Rong	/mu^X/	/tɑn/
Wang Li	/məu^X/	/tɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/mə̯u^X/	/tɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǒu	dān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mau⁵	daan¹

Noun

牡丹

tree peony
(obsolete) marlberry

Synonyms

木芍藥／木芍药

Derived terms

天竺牡丹 (tiānzhú mǔdān)
牡丹江 (Mǔdānjiāng)
黑牡丹菇 (hēimǔdāngū)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (牡丹):

→ Japanese: 牡(ぼ)丹(たん) (botan)
→ Korean: 모란(牡丹) (moran)
→ Vietnamese: mẫu đơn (牡丹)

Others:

→ Lü: ᦙᦴᦑᦱᧃᧈ (muutaan¹)
→ Thai: โบตั๋น (boo-dtǎn) (via Hokkien)

Proper noun

牡丹

(～區) Mudan (a district of Heze, Shandong, China)
(～鄉) Mudan (a mountain indigenous township in Pingtung County, Taiwan)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
牡	丹
ぼ Jinmeiyō	たん Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 牡丹 (MC muwX tan).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぼたん [bóꜜtàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [bo̞tã̠ɴ]

Noun

牡(ぼ)丹(たん) or 牡丹(ボタン) • (botan)

a peony, especially the Chinese tree peony, Paeonia suffruticosa
Synonyms: 国色 (kokushoku), 天香国色 (tenkō kokushoku), 隣草 (tonarigusa), 名取草 (natorigusa), 富貴草 (fūkigusa), 深見草 (fukamigusa)
a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of peony petals and twigs
(historical) boar meat
(card games) a suit in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of June
Coordinate terms: 松, 梅, 桜, 藤, 菖蒲, 牡丹, 萩, 芒, 菊, 紅葉, 柳, 桐

Derived terms

牡丹(ぼたん)色(いろ) (botan-iro)
牡(ボ)丹(タン)鸚(イン)哥(コ) (botan inko)
牡5丹(ボタン)海老(エビ), 牡(ボ)丹(タン)蝦(エビ) (botan ebi)
牡丹(ぼたん)花(か) (botanka)
牡丹(ぼたん)唐草(からくさ) (botan karakusa)
牡(ボ)丹(タン)杏(キョウ) (botankyō)
牡丹(ぼたん)江(こう) (Botan-kō)
牡丹(ぼたん)桜(ざくら) (botan-zakura)
牡丹(ぼたん)卵(たまご) (botan tamago)
牡丹(ボタン)蔓(ヅル) (botanzuru)
牡丹(ぼたん)亭(てい) (Botantei)
牡丹(ぼたん)灯籠(どうろう) (botan-dōrō)
牡(ボ)丹(タン)菜(ナ) (botanna)
牡丹(ぼたん)鍋(なべ) (botan nabe)
牡丹(ぼたん)刷毛(ばけ) (botan-bake)
牡丹(ぼたん)鱧(はも) (botan hamo)
牡丹(ぼたん)皮(ぴ) (botanpi)
牡(ボ)丹(タン)防風(ボウフウ) (botan bōfū)
牡丹(ぼた)餅(もち) (botamochi)
牡丹(ぼたん)槍(やり) (botan yari)
牡丹(ぼたん)雪(ゆき) (botan yuki)
石(いし)牡丹(ぼたん) (ishibotan)
蟹(かに)牡丹(ぼたん) (kani botan)
寒(かん)牡丹(ぼたん) (kanbotan)
狐(きつね)の牡丹(ぼたん) (kitsune no botan)
杏葉(ぎょうよう)牡丹(ぼたん) (gyōyō botan)
草(クサ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (kusa-botan)
黒(くろ)牡丹(ぼたん) (kurobotan), 黒(こく)牡丹(ぼたん) (kokubotan)
華(けまん)鬘牡丹(ぼたん) (keman botan)
近衛(このえ)牡丹(ぼたん) (konoe botan)
台木(だいぎ)牡丹(ぼたん) (daigi botan)
天竺(テンジク)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (Tenjiku botan)
野(ノ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (nobotan)
葉(ハ)牡丹(ボタン) (habotan)
藤(フジ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (fuji botan)
冬(ふゆ)牡丹(ぼたん) (fuyu botan)
松(マツ)葉(バ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (matsuba botan)
類葉(ルイヨウ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (ruiyō botan)

Idioms

獅子(しし)に牡丹(ぼたん) (shishi ni botan), 牡丹(ぼたん)に唐(から)獅子(じし) (botan ni karajishi, “a lion and a peony → good combination”)
立(た)てば芍薬(しゃくやく)座(すわ)れば牡丹(ぼたん)歩(ある)く姿(すがた)は百合(ゆり)の花(はな) (tateba shakuyaku suwareba botan aruku sugata wa yuri no hana)

Proper noun

牡(ぼ)丹(たん) • (Botan)

a place name
a surname
a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
牡	丹
ぼう Jinmeiyō	たん Grade: S
on’yomi

/botan/ → /boːtan/

Long-pronounced form, replacing the kanyōon reading bo with the kan'on reading of bō. Primarily used in haiku, for example.[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぼーたん [bòótáń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [bo̞ːtã̠ɴ]

Noun

牡(ぼう)丹(たん) or 牡丹(ボウタン) • (bōtan)

a peony
a 小袖 (kosode, “short-sleeved robe”) worn by maidservants of the Imperial Palace
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
牡	丹

Noun

牡丹 • (moran) (hangeul 모란)

Hanja form^? of 모란 (“peony”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
牡	丹

Noun

牡丹

chữ Hán form of mẫu đơn (“peony”).

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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN