樑

See also: 梁

樑	U+6A11, 樑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A11

← 樐
[U+6A10]

CJK Unified Ideographs

樒 →
[U+6A12]

Translingual

Han character

樑 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 木水戈木 (DEID), four-corner 4799₄, composition ⿰木梁)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 549, character 28

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15427

Dae Jaweon: page 937, character 22

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1284, character 9

Unihan data for U+6A11

Chinese

trad.		樑/梁
simp.		梁
alternative forms		鿄𣸑渿𣹷𨎛 “bridge for vehicles”

Glyph origin

Specialized form of 梁 (OC *raŋ, “beam; bridge”), with the addition of the semantic component 木 (“tree; wood”).

Etymology

Possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese အခြင် (a.hkrang, “rafter”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): liáng (liang²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): niang²
Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liòng
Eastern Min (BUC): liòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): niû / niô͘ / liông / liâng

(Teochew, Peng'im): niên⁵ / nion⁵ / liang⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶lian

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liáng
  - Wade–Giles: liang²
  - Yale: lyáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liang
  - Palladius: лян (ljan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: niang²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: liang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niaŋ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: loeng⁴
  - Yale: lèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: liongˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: liong²
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯oŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: liòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uoŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niû
  - Tâi-lô: niû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: niuu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Yilan, Kinmen): /niũ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /niũ²³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /niu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niô͘
  - Tâi-lô: niôo
  - IPA (Tainan): /niɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /niɔ̃¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
  - Tâi-lô: liông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng
  - Tâi-lô: liâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liaang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³/

Note:

niû/niô͘ - vernacular;
liông/liâng - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: niên⁵ / nion⁵ / liang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niêⁿ / niôⁿ / liâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nĩẽ⁵⁵/, /nĩõ⁵⁵/, /liaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

niên5, nion5 - vernacular (niên5 - Chaozhou);
liang5 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶lian
  - MiniDict: lian^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lian
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liã²³/

Middle Chinese: ljang

Rime
Character	樑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	呂章切
Baxter	ljang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/liaŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loeng⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*raŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*raŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	樑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liáng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljang ›
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/
English	beam; bridge
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	樑
Reading #	1/1
No.	1648
Phonetic component	刅
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	良
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/

Definitions

樑

bridge
橋樑／桥梁 ― qiáoliáng ― bridge
roof beam
棟樑／栋梁 ― dòngliáng ― ridgepole, pillar, anchor, mainstay
ridge
鼻樑／鼻梁 ― bíliáng ― bridge (of a nose)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 橋 (“bridge”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		樑, 橋
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		橋, 橋樑
Mandarin	Beijing	橋
	Taiwan	橋
	Jinan	橋
	Xi'an	橋
	Wuhan	橋
	Chengdu	橋
	Yangzhou	橋
	Hefei	橋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	橋
	Hong Kong	橋
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	橋
	Macau	橋
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	橋
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	橋
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	橋
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	橋
	Foshan	橋
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	橋
	Foshan (Shunde)	橋
	Foshan (Sanshui)	橋
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	橋
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	橋
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	橋
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	橋
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	橋
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	橋
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	橋
	Taishan	橋
	Kaiping (Chikan)	橋
	Enping (Niujiang)	橋
	Heshan (Yayao)	橋
	Dongguan	橋
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	橋
	Yangjiang	橋
Gan	Nanchang	橋
Hakka	Meixian	橋
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	橋
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	橋
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	橋
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	橋
	Conghua (Lütian)	橋
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	橋
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	橋
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	橋
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	橋
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	橋
Jin	Taiyuan	橋
Northern Min	Jian'ou	橋
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	橋
Southern Min	Xiamen	橋
Southern Min	Chaozhou	橋
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	橋
Wu	Suzhou	橋
Wu	Wenzhou	橋
Xiang	Changsha	橋
Xiang	Shuangfeng	橋

Compounds

上樑／上梁 (shàngliáng)
下樑／下梁 (xiàliáng)
偷樑換柱／偷梁换柱 (tōuliánghuànzhù)
屋樑／屋梁 (wūliáng)
山樑／山梁 (shānliáng)
懸樑／悬梁 (xuánliáng)
房樑／房梁 (fángliáng)
架樑／架梁
棟樑／栋梁 (dòngliáng)
樑上君子／梁上君子 (liángshàngjūnzǐ)
橫樑／横梁 (héngliáng)
橋樑／桥梁 (qiáoliáng)
脊樑／脊梁
跳樑／跳梁 (tiàoliáng)
頂樑柱／顶梁柱 (dǐngliángzhù)
高樑／高梁 (gāoliáng)
鼻樑／鼻梁 (bíliáng)

Descendants

→ Vietnamese: rường (“small roof beam; straining beam”)

Japanese

Kanji

樑

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): りょう (ryō)
Kun: はし (hashi, 樑); はり (hari, 樑); やな (yana, 樑)

Korean

Hanja

樑 • (ryang>yang, hoe) (hangeul 량>양, 회, revised ryang>yang, hoe, McCune–Reischauer ryang>yang, hoe, Yale lyang>yang, hoy)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

樑: Hán Nôm readings: rường, lương, sườn, giường

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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