旗幟

See also: 旗帜

Chinese

		banner; flag	flag
trad. (旗幟)		旗	幟
simp. (旗帜)		旗	帜

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qízhì

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˊ ㄓˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kei⁴ ci³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kî-chì
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶ji-tsy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qízhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cíjhìh
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi²-chih⁴
  - Yale: chí-jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyijyh
  - Palladius: цичжи (cičži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    奇志
    旗幟／旗帜
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kei⁴ ci³
  - Yale: kèih chi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kei⁴ tsi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: kéi⁴ qi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei̯²¹ t͡sʰiː³³/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    其次
    旗幟／旗帜
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kî-chì
  - Tâi-lô: kî-tsì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kicix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki¹³⁻²² t͡si²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ki²⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶ji-tsy
  - MiniDict: ji^去 tsy
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jji-tsr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑi²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: gi syiH|tsyhiH

Rime
Character	旗	幟	幟
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	書 (26)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	之 (19)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	渠之切	式吏切	昌志切
Baxter	gi	syiH	tsyhiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨ/	/ɕɨ^H/	/t͡ɕʰɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨ/	/ɕɨ^H/	/t͡ɕʰɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡie/	/ɕie^H/	/t͡ɕʰie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨ/	/ɕɨ^H/	/cʰɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ɡiə/	/ɕiə^H/	/t͡ɕʰiə^H/
Wang Li	/ɡĭə/	/ɕĭə^H/	/t͡ɕʰĭə^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi/	/ɕi^H/	/t͡ɕʰi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qí	shì	chì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kei⁴	si³	ci³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯ tjɯɡs|tʰjɯɡs|hljɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	旗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qí
Middle Chinese	‹ gi ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ](r)ə/
English	flag
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	旗	幟	幟	幟
Reading #	1/1	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	9948	17245	17248	17249
Phonetic component	其	戠	戠	戠
Rime group	之	代	代	代
Rime subdivision	0	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	其	志	熾	試
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯ/	/*tjɯɡs/	/*tʰjɯɡs/	/*hljɯɡs/

Noun

旗幟

banner; flag (Classifier: 面)
(figurative) good example; model
(figurative) representative or charismatic stands, theories, or thoughts
- 我們千秋萬代高舉毛澤東旗幟， / 前進！ / 高舉毛澤東旗幟， / 前進，前進，前進，進！ [MSC, trad.]
  我们千秋万代高举毛泽东旗帜， / 前进！ / 高举毛泽东旗帜， / 前进，前进，前进，进！ [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1978 March 5, National anthem of the People's Republic of China (1978-1982)
  Wǒmen qiānqiūwàndài gāojǔ Máo Zédōng qízhì, / qiánjìn! / gāojǔ Máo Zédōng qízhì, / qiánjìn, qiánjìn, qiánjìn, jìn! [Pinyin]
  We will for many generations / raise high Mao Zedong's banner! / March on! / Raise high Mao Zedong's banner! / March on! March on! March on! On!

Synonyms

(banner):

旌旗 (jīngqí) (literary)
旗仔 (Hakka, Hokkien)
旗子 (qízi)
旗號／旗号 (qíhào) (chiefly historical)
標／标 (biāo)

(good example):

典型 (diǎnxíng)
典範／典范 (diǎnfàn)
書式／书式 (shūshì) (literary)
格式 (géshì)
楷模 (kǎimó)
榜樣／榜样 (bǎngyàng)
標兵／标兵 (biāobīng) (figurative)
樣板／样板 (yàngbǎn)
標竿／标竿 (biāogān)
模範／模范 (mófàn)
法式
程式 (chéngshì)
範例／范例 (fànlì)
表率 (biǎoshuài)
訓／训 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds)

Derived terms

五方旗幟／五方旗帜 (wǔfāng qízhì)
旗幟學／旗帜学 (qízhìxué)
旗幟鮮明／旗帜鲜明 (qízhìxiānmíng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (旗幟):

→ Japanese: 旗幟(きし) (kishi)
→ Korean: 기치(旗幟) (gichi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
旗	幟
き Grade: 4	し Hyōgaiji
kan’on	on’yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese,[1] in turn from Middle Chinese 旗幟 (MC gi syiH|tsyhiH, literally “flag + banner”).

First cited in Japanese to a portion of the Shoku Nihongi dated to 765.[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きし [kíꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3][4]
(Tokyo) きし [kìshíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2][3][4]
IPA^(key): [kʲi̥ɕi]

Noun

旗(き)幟(し) • (kishi)

[from 765] banner, flag (particularly as used in battle to show position on the field)
[from 1890] (by extension from the "position" sense) one's clear stance, attitude, or position with regard to an issue; a person who clearly advocates for such a position

References

“旗幟”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
旗	幟

Noun

旗幟 • (gichi) (hangeul 기치)

Hanja form^? of 기치 (“banner, flag”).

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