悠悠

Chinese

	at ease; long (in time); sad	at ease; long (in time); sad
trad. (悠悠)	悠	悠
simp. ^#(悠悠)	悠	悠
alternative forms	繇繇 leisurely

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōuyōu

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡㄧㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴ jau⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yōuyōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡㄧㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: youyou
  - Wade–Giles: yu¹-yu¹
  - Yale: yōu-yōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iouiou
  - Palladius: юю (juju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵ joʊ̯⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    呦呦
    悠悠
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jau⁴ jau⁴
  - Yale: yàuh yàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴ jau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴ yeo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹ jɐu̯²¹/

Middle Chinese: yuw yuw

Rime
Character	悠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以周切
Baxter	yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/jiu/
Shao Rongfen	/iəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juw/
Li Rong	/iu/
Wang Li	/jĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*liw liw/

(Zhengzhang): /*lɯw lɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	悠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōu
Middle Chinese	‹ yuw ›
Old Chinese	/*liw/
English	long-brooding
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悠
Reading #	1/1
No.	15479
Phonetic component	攸
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	猷
Old Chinese	/*lɯw/

Adjective

悠悠

long; drawn-out; lasting for ages; remote (in time or space)
- 瞻彼日月，悠悠我思。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zhān bǐ rì yuè, yōuyōu wǒ sī. [Pinyin]
  [I] look at that sun and moon. Long are my thoughts.
leisurely; unhurried; carefree
(literary) numerous; a great number of
(literary) preposterous; absurd; ridiculous
(literary) agitated; anxious; pensive

Derived terms

悠悠球 (yōuyōuqiú)
慢悠悠 (mànyōuyōu)
篤悠悠／笃悠悠

Japanese

Kanji in this term
悠	悠
ゆう Grade: S	ゆう Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
悠々

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ゆうゆう [yùúyúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
(Tokyo) ゆうゆう [yùúyúꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ᵝːjɯ̟ᵝː]

Adjective

悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう) • (yūyū) ^{←いういう (iuiu)^?}^†-tari (adnominal 悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう)とした (yūyū to shita) or 悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう)たる (yūyū taru), adverbial 悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう)と (yūyū to) or 悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう)として (yūyū to shite))

Derived terms

悠々(ゆうゆう)自(じ)適(てき) (yūyū jiteki)

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN