嘲笑
Chinese
| to ridicule; ridicule; mock | laugh; smile | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (嘲笑) | 嘲 | 笑 | |
| simp. #(嘲笑) | 嘲 | 笑 | |
Pronunciation
Verb
嘲笑
Synonyms
- 作弄 (zuònòng)
- 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
- 刺 (literary, or in compounds)
- 刺溪 (chié-*kă̤) (Eastern Min)
- 創弄／创弄 (Hokkien)
- 創景／创景 (Hokkien)
- 創治／创治 (chhòng-tī) (Hokkien)
- 剾損／𠛅损 (Hokkien)
- 剾洗／𠛅洗 (Hokkien)
- 剾洗／𠛅洗 (khau-sé) (Hokkien)
- 剾褻／𠛅亵 (Hokkien)
- 𠢕滾／𠢕滚 (Hokkien)
- 取樂／取乐 (qǔlè)
- 取笑 (qǔxiào)
- 呾笑話／呾笑话 (Teochew)
- 呾耍笑 (Teochew)
- 嗤笑 (chīxiào)
- 嘲弄 (cháonòng)
- 嘲訕／嘲讪 (cháoshàn)
- 嘲諷／嘲讽 (cháofěng)
- 嘲謔／嘲谑 (cháoxuè)
- 奚落 (xīluò)
- 尋開心／寻开心 (6zhin-khe-shin) (Wu)
- 巴銳／巴锐 (Hokkien)
- 恥笑／耻笑 (chǐxiào)
- 戲弄／戏弄 (xìnòng)
- 戲謔／戏谑 (xìxuè)
- 挖苦 (wākǔ)
- 捉弄 (zhuōnòng)
- 損／损 (sǔn) (colloquial)
- 撩 (Hakka)
- 撚化 (nan2 faa3) (Cantonese)
- 撮弄 (cuōnòng) (literary)
- 擺弄／摆弄
- 消遣 (xiāoqiǎn)
- 湊趣／凑趣 (còuqù)
- 𤊶人 (Hakka)
- 玩 (colloquial)
- 玩弄
- 笑 (xiào)
- 笑話／笑话 (xiàohuà)
- 耍 (shuǎ)
- 耍弄 (shuǎnòng)
- 耍忽 (sua2 huah4) (Jin)
- 落八 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 見笑／见笑 (jiànxiào)
- 訕笑／讪笑 (shànxiào)
- 詼謔／诙谑 (huīxuè)
- 說風涼話／说风凉话 (shuō fēngliánghuà)
- 調笑／调笑 (tiáoxiào)
- 諦／谛 (dai3) (Cantonese)
- 諷刺／讽刺 (fěngcì)
- 謔潲／谑潲 (Hokkien)
- 謔燒／谑烧 (Hokkien)
- 講笑／讲笑 (Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien)
- 講耍笑／讲耍笑 (Hokkien)
- 譏刺／讥刺 (jīcì)
- 譏嘲／讥嘲 (jīcháo)
- 譏笑／讥笑 (jīxiào)
- 譏誚／讥诮 (jīqiào) (literary)
- 譏諷／讥讽 (jīfěng)
- 變弄／变弄 (Hokkien)
- 𧮙 (Wu)
- 起鬨／起哄 (qǐhòng)
- 輕體／轻体 (Hokkien)
- 逗 (dòu)
- 逗弄
- 鄙笑 (Hokkien)
- 酸笑 (Hokkien)
- 鈍／钝 (Wu)
- 開心／开心 (kāixīn)
- 開涮／开涮 (kāishuàn) (colloquial)
- 開玩笑／开玩笑 (kāi wánxiào)
- 鬧玩笑／闹玩笑 (nào wánxiào)
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 嘲 | 笑 |
| ちょう Grade: S |
しょう Grade: 4 |
| goon | on’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 調笑 (rare) |
Etymology
/teuseu/ → */t͡ɕeuɕeu/ → /t͡ɕʲoːɕʲoː/ → /t͡ɕoːɕoː/
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 嘲笑 (MC traew sjewH). First attested in Japanese in a work from 1794.[1]
Also analyzable as a shift in reading from the native-Japanese derived kun'yomi to the Chinese-derived on'yomi, of the largely homographic native Japanese synonyms 嘲笑う (azawarau) or 嘲り笑う (azakeriwarau).
Verb
嘲笑する • (chōshō suru) ←てうせう (teuseu)?transitive suru (stem 嘲笑し (chōshō shi), past 嘲笑した (chōshō shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "嘲笑する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 嘲笑し | ちょうしょうし | chōshō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 嘲笑し | ちょうしょうし | chōshō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 嘲笑する | ちょうしょうする | chōshō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 嘲笑する | ちょうしょうする | chōshō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 嘲笑すれ | ちょうしょうすれ | chōshō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 嘲笑せよ¹ 嘲笑しろ² |
ちょうしょうせよ¹ ちょうしょうしろ² |
chōshō seyo¹ chōshō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 嘲笑される | ちょうしょうされる | chōshō sareru | |
| Causative | 嘲笑させる 嘲笑さす |
ちょうしょうさせる ちょうしょうさす |
chōshō saseru chōshō sasu | |
| Potential | 嘲笑できる | ちょうしょうできる | chōshō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 嘲笑しよう | ちょうしょうしよう | chōshō shiyō | |
| Negative | 嘲笑しない | ちょうしょうしない | chōshō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 嘲笑せず | ちょうしょうせず | chōshō sezu | |
| Formal | 嘲笑します | ちょうしょうします | chōshō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 嘲笑した | ちょうしょうした | chōshō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 嘲笑して | ちょうしょうして | chōshō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 嘲笑すれば | ちょうしょうすれば | chōshō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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